Sports - 17369 Words

Instructor’s Manual Exercises in Sportscasting Linda K. Fuller, PhD Published by  © 2008 by Routledge, Taylor Francis Group. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilm, and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Routledge, Taylor Francis Group, 270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016. IM-1826 CONTENTS Introduction Chapter 1. Introduction to Sports, Sportscasters, and Sportscasting Chapter 2. The Historical Development of Sports and Sportscasting Chapter 3. The Economics of Sports,†¦show more content†¦As in anything else, the more you are willing to try these various activities, the more it will help you in the long run. This is, after all, only your beginning. After the exercises is a separate section focusing on the way this course has been taught in the past. It includes the following: 1. Syllabus 2. Critical Dates 3. Student profile 4. A suggested invitation for a sportscaster speaker Designed for teachers, this section is suggestive only, and is open to input—as is, in fact, this whole project. Your responses are encouraged, and I wish you well in your analysis of and/or career in sportscasting. Chapter 1 Introduction to Sports, Sportscasters, and Sportscasting Exercise 1.1: Your Definition/Description of Sportscasting We all have our own experiences with the subject of sportscasting. Tell about yours, including your interest in the topic. At some point, give your own definition and/or description of sportscasting. In addition, what has been your personal experience with sportscasting and sportscasters? Have you met any sportscasters personally? Who are your favorites? Who are your least favorite(s)? Think about why, and share your thoughts. Exercise 1.2: Globalization of Sports (book review) From the bibliography that follows, choose a book and critique it, including the following information: 1. The book: Full name of the title, author(s) name, when and where published and by whom,Show MoreRelatedSports : Sports And Sports2137 Words   |  9 PagesEthics in Sports Sports in the twentieth first century has become an essential component of education. Recreational athletic activities have a great role in perfecting human spirit. Through the healthy competition sports influence the cultivation of will, perseverance, responsibility, ability to eliminate the inconvenience and many more. Moreover sport is a great tool which gathers people together towards the common objective, regardless of their nationality, race, religion or beliefs – both on theRead MoreSports And Its Impact On Sports Essay962 Words   |  4 Pagesother International sport competitions has catalyzed the sports scientists to take interest in exploring all the aspects and possibilities that can contribute to enhance sports performance to an greater heights. In sports primary motive is to win the game by following set of rules. By playing within these rules one s character is developed. What matters in the sports is how the player handles victory and how to handle the disappo intments that comes with the defeat. Although sports is not an art orRead MoreSports : Sports And Sports1092 Words   |  5 PagesSports fans have different reasons on why they have a passion for sports. Several fans can remember memorable events in sports history that touched their lives. Fans will laugh and cry when they watch the HBO Documentary â€Å"Sport in America† because they will hear incredible stories that will make them think about why they love sports. Sports Illustrated, Endgame entertainment, and HBO asked Americans why different games and memorable moments in sports touched their lives. Thousands of fans respondedRead MoreSports : Sports And Sporting Activities1568 Words   |  7 Pagesemphasis placed on sports and sporting activities. Every public school, middle and up, offers some sporting program, and most private schools do as well. The real issue at question is whether sports are affecting the education of students and young adults, who may have carried their sporting career into college. In general, people of all ages spend a lot of time both in person and on TV watching sports, not to mention those who are actively participating in the sporting event. With sports taking up mostRead MoreSports And Sports For Constructive Alternatives1011 Words   |  5 PagesThis March, the Center for Constructive Alternatives series dealt with the topic of Sport and Character. In today’s age, sport and sporting events have becom e pinnacles of American entertainment, money, and paparazzi. One is inundated with constant updates regarding football scores, feuds between athletes, and controversy over refereeing. With sport being such a focus in media and society, it often seems that sport and character are incompatible. Too often one sees an athlete get caught using illegalRead MoreSports Management : Sport Management816 Words   |  4 Pages Sport management Did you know that there is more to sports teams than just scoring goals, touchdowns and runs? Sport management is a field concerning the business and education part of sports and recreation. It includes the front office system in professional sports, college sports, and recreation. Some examples of sport managers are: recreational sport managers, sport marketing, event management, facility management, sport economics, sport finance and sport information. Sport management canRead MoreThe Impact Of Sports On Sports Industry950 Words   |  4 Pagesdefinition of sport industry; the sports industry is a market wherein the products manufactured and offered to its customers are sport, recreation and fitness related and may be activities, amenities or people. Sports we support, follow and play today are part of our day-to-day lives and we forget that over 250 years ago the sports established today did not yet exist and the few that did would be unappealing and unrecognisable to the sports fans of today. Looking back to the history of sports we see aRead MoreSports Media Changing the Sports Industry 648 Words   |  3 Pagesmoments, the impact ESPN has made on sports, sports media and the sports industry as a whole can’t be overlooked. On September 7th 1979 ESPN launched their flagship show, SportsCenter. This moment in sports media history was a game changer for the way fans consume sports. It is amazing that back in 1979, the concept of watching highlights and footage of games when they were happening or just completed was unfathomable for most people. The moment SportsCenter aired, sports marketing and media was alteredRead MoreHbo : Sports And Sports1118 Words   |  5 PagesDocumentary â€Å"Sport in America†. Sports fans have different reasons on why they have a passion for sports. Several fans can remember memorable events in sports history that touched their lives. Fans will laugh and cry when they watch the HBO Documentary â€Å"Sport in America† because they will hear incredible stories that will make them think about why they love sports. Sports Illustrated, Endgame entertainment, and HBO asked Americans why different games and memorable moments in sports touched theirRead MoreSports : The Negative Side Of Youth Sports903 Words   |  4 PagesMany people think that sports help children develop teamwork, self-confidence, moral character, and other personal strength but others see the negative side of youth sports, believing young athletes develop aggressive traits such as bullying and the need to dominate their opponents not just on but off the field as well. Youth sports have become far too intense, especially in contact sports. It is true that participation in youth athletics has a number of benefits such as the building self-confidence

A Study On Design A Solar Farm - 1325 Words

1. Design a Solar Farm 1-1. Selection of Geographic Location According to National Climatic Data Center, the sunniest state is Arizona in United Sates, which is 193 clear days pre year.(1) Yuma City where in Arizona State has 313 days of sunshine. This climatic condition is good for solar power generation. In order to reduce the environment impact, a desert region is a proper choice. There are two more benefits. The cost of land is much cheaper then urban area. In addition, there is no any shelter nearby. Nevertheless, solar farms have to be maintained regularly. If install a solar farm at an isolated location, it will be hard to maintenance. A location of photovoltaic farm has been chosen as Figure 2. It is situated in a desert region for decreasing the environment impact and next to a road for maintenance easily. Figure 1. Map of United States(2) Figure 2. Location of photovoltaic farm(2) 1-2. Selection of Photovoltaic Module In this assignment, the solar cell module that made by Neo Solar Power (NSP) will be chosen. NSP is one of the biggest solar cell manufacturers in the world. It produces high-quality and high-efficiency solar cell modules. The key specifications(3) of D6M_B3A 255W photovoltaic module are: - Maximum power voltage: 30.09V - Maximum power current: 8.48A - Module efficiency: 15.7% - Maximum power output: 255W - Temperature coefficient of Pmax: -0.427%/ °C (From 20 °C) Figure 3. Dimensions of D6M_B3A 255W Photovoltaic Module 1-3. A unit ofShow MoreRelatedThe Solar Of Solar Power Essay1290 Words   |  6 PagesSolar Power Innovations Solar Power has been observed as early as the year of 1839 by a French physicist named Alexandre-Edmond Becquerel. He invented the first photovoltaic cell. Since then his studies and works have been perfected on and continue to change the world in which we live for the better. Photovoltaic cells have constantly been evolving ever since. In 1883, Charles Fritts built the first solid state photovoltaic cell using materials such as gold and selenium. With further advances toRead MoreThe Physics Of Solar Energy998 Words   |  4 PagesSolar energy dates back to 1839 with a French physicist by the name of Alexandre-Edmond Becquerel. His experiment of ‘illuminating two electrodes with different types of light† marked the birth of solar energy. Years later, William Grylls Adams, along with student assistant Richard Evans Day, discovered that converting solar energy into electrical energy is possible without the need of heat nor moving parts. Unfortunately, their panel couldnâ €™t create enough power to run any electrical equipment.Read MoreSt Clement s Retreat And Conference Centre1615 Words   |  7 Pagesclose to train routes. It covers an area of 800 acres in a peaceful place where also has picturesque scenery [1]. This retreat and conference centre can offer air conditioned accommodation with modern facilities. It is an ideal center for prayer, study and reflection. Figure 1 shows the map of St Clement’s Retreat and Conference center. This retreat and conference center includes accommodation, prayer rooms, dining rooms, chapels, pool, library and other living facilities. St Clement’s history canRead MoreThe Scholarly Format Appropriate For The Field1322 Words   |  6 Pagesprinciples of Sustainability: â€Å"[†¦] intergenerational equity, quality of life, social cohesion and international responsibility† (German Federal Government). I will narrow my focus to compare policies and attitudes regarding the interplay betwe en building design and energy consumption. Builders in the United States have access to the same advanced technologies that those in Germany have. However, when compared to the programs in Germany, there is little incentive in the U.S. to use employ these technologiesRead MoreClimate Change Has Been Recently A Hot Debate Among Politicians, Industry Experts And Scientists1362 Words   |  6 PagesTherefore, to reduce fossil fuel consumption, it is necessary to find out potential alternatives. There are some realistic options compatible with Australian climate and resources. First attractive option is renewable energies, most importantly wind farms and solar thermal. Second serious option is nuclear energy. Finally the other practical alternative is a combination of renewable energies with less pollutant fossil fuels such as natural gas. All mentioned options will be discussed in terms of technicalRead MoreThe World After Running Out Of Fossil Fuels Would Be A1602 Words   |  7 Pagesthe search for new energy resources is r easonable and it should be taken seriously. In recent years, renewable energy resources have proven as an interesting alternative to conventional energy resources. Renewable energy resources like wind energy, solar energy, and hydropower result from the natural process and they won’t run out. Wind energy as one of the renewable energy has a big potential to provide us our needed energy in coming years. Using every resource for producing energy has its own upsideRead MoreIs Offshore Wind Power : Alternative Or Harmful Fossil Fuels? Essay1608 Words   |  7 PagesFossil Fuels We have the ability to reduce our dependency on burning fossil fuels that damage the environment and the solution is Offshore Wind Power. The difference in solar heating between the earth s equator and the poles, together with the earth s rotation, creates flows of air called wind. We can capture this form of solar energy with wind turbines that convert it into electrical energy. Creating this type of energy has little harmful impact to our environment, unlike other energy being createdRead MoreEolic Energy in Australia869 Words   |  4 Pagesworldwide and its utilization in Australia is undoubtedly an advantageous prospect. Initially, the generation of wind energy is produced through the motion of air from high pressure to low pressure, as this progression is a direct consequence of the solar heating of various parts of the Earths atmosphere and its planetary motion, thus resulting in the air being deflected to the right in the northern hemisphere and in the opposite direction in the southern hemisphere (Duffie and William, 2013). It isRead MorePerceptions Of Solar Energy6946 Words   |  28 PagesIn late 2015, a research study was conducted to gain a better understanding of the overall opinions and perceptions of rural South Carolinians regarding solar energy. Survey respondents were drawn from a database of the twenty rural electric cooperatives that operate throughout the state and in each of the state’s 46 counties. Of specific interest was the preference for solar power installations on the property of the member-consumer versus interest in a community solar program that would be locatedRead MoreExploring Various Best Practices That Can Alleviate Existing Waste Within The Airport Infrastructure Environment Essay1879 Words   |  8 Pagesimplement such solutions. It will also formulate arguments for and against the implementation of greener initiatives from various industry stakeholders. The scope of this research primarily focuses on renew able power generation, innovative terminal design, and passenger incentives to make greener choices while traveling. These three components correspond to the critical components that make up the airport system: the source, the experience, and the passenger respectively. The current environmental

Human Isolation free essay sample

Toni Morrison and bell hooks Represent Blacks in American Literature Two widely known and influential authors, bell hooks and Toni Morrison, share similar beliefs and themes with regards to the black community. One theme in particular that the two writers emphasize is the representation of blacks in American literature today. hooks feels that African Americans are misrepresented, where Morrison believes that blacks are not represented at all. ooks evidence of this theme is portrayed primarily in the sexist and racist representations the characters exhibit. Overall, both authors feel that the negative portrayal of the black community needs to stop in order for a better understanding of our national literature. Toni Morrison believes that the literature in America has taken as its concern the white man as its character base. Morrison states, American literature is free of, uniformed by, and unshaped by the four-hundred-year-old presence of the first Africans (205).She believes the entire history of the African culture has had no important place in the present state of our cultures literature. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Isolation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The American literature evident today tends to depict the white males views, genius, and power leaving out all concerns for the black race. Morrison is convinced that, the contemplation of the black presence is central to any understanding of our national literature and should not be relegated to the margins of the literary imagination (205-06). Morrisons quote stresses the importance of the representation of black presence in todays literature for a better national comprehension of this writing.Two primary reasons Morrison believes that blacks are left out are the writers themselves, and the silence that has historically ruled literature. She believes, National literatures, like writers, get along as best they can and with what they can. Yet they do seem to end up describing and inscribing what is really on the national mind (208). This is the interest in the white man. Writers produce, and companies publish what the public wants to read about. According to Morrison, this is not the black presence, rather views and interests in the white man.The other reason she believes blacks are left out are, that in matters of race, silence and evasion have historically ruled literary discourse (207). It does not stop here. It is further complicated by the fact that ignoring race is understood to be a graceful, liberal, and even a generous habit. Through this silence, blacks are regarded as shadowless in society. Although Morrisons main stance is that blacks are completely missed in American literature, she does feel that the few times this presence is represented, it is extremely negative.Regarding literature she says, I have begun to wonder whether the major, much celebrated themes are not in fact responses to a dark, abiding, signing Africanistic presence (206). Such themes that she mentions include, individualism, masculinity, and the conflict between social engagement and historical isolation. What became transparent to her were the self-evident ways Americans chose to talk about themselves through and within a sometimes allegorical, but always misrepresentation of an Africanistic presence. hooks, unlike Toni Morrison believes blacks are often represented in American literature, however negatively.Her primary evidence is found in Hollywood movies, and more specifically Spike Lees film Crooklyn. hooks states, The racial politics of Hollywood is such that there can be no serious representations of death and dying when the characters are African-Americans (99). hooks main concern is not the violence and death in movies involving blacks, but the fact that there is no grief or concern when it does happen. In the film Crooklyn, it begins leaving the viewer to believe that the black survival does matter; however in the end the usual Hollywood message of black worthlessness is reaffirmed. ooks gives an example from the film Paris Trout to reemphasize her message. The brutal killing of a young black girl by a powerful white man happens at no concern of her family. The black males who are her relatives, are depicted as utterly indifferent. Too cowardly to save or avenge her life (100). In conclusion of the film, the final message is made very clear to viewers; the young girls life was utterly unimportant and worth nothing. hooks article focuses mainly on the film Crooklyn and how its misrepresentation of the black presence is evident.

The injustice of Frankensteins actions Essay Example

The injustice of Frankensteins actions Paper Contained in the novel, Frankenstein, by Mary Shelly, is the twisted substance of greed, the character Victor Frankenstein portrays the element of control. Felling the need for this he builds an entirely new breed of creature, without thinking much for the consequences. During the time in which this novel was written, there was a great surge in the realms of science. Many new discoveries were made and scientists were taking more and more dangerous risks in the hope of opening the door on the unknown. In my view, Shelly had written this novel as more of a warning than a story. I believe that she was trying to impose responsibility upon the scientists for what it was they were meddling with and also to try and persuade them to think before they act. Shelly demonstrates these emotions through two characters, Frankenstein and the creation. Each character gets the opportunity to express their feelings and tell their stories in the novel. The first character that has the opportunity to tell their story is Frankenstein, in chapter 5. Shelly sets the scene with close attention to the weather, It was on a dreary night of November here Shelly is using pathetic fallacy to reflect the mood. The same is evident in chapter 11, when the creature is telling his story, It was dark when I awoke; I felt cold also These descriptions of the weather and the environment around them reflect their moods. Frankenstein feels worn down and tired as is reflected by Shellys use of the word dreary. The creature on the other hand feels cold and alone as reflected by dark and cold. We will write a custom essay sample on The injustice of Frankensteins actions specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The injustice of Frankensteins actions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The injustice of Frankensteins actions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This contrast shows us a big difference in their relationship. Frankenstein remembers the night as being tiring and an effort, the creature however feels a child-like sense of isolation, as if he was without love or companion, this is adverse to practical thought, one would normally perceive that Frankenstein would adore and love his creation after all the effort and hard work he had gone through to create him. Frankenstein spends much of chapter 5 talking about himself and only himself, I rushed out of the room, I had desired it, I had finished and I had created. The vast majority of his story begins each sentence with the personal pronoun, I. This gives us the impression that he is very self obsessed and does not give much thought to other events happening around him, in particular the creature. He describes the creature, How can I describe my emotions at this catastrophe but he never gives any thought to mortality or the aesthetics of the creature or the responsibility it will impose upon him. It is as if he feels the creature will owe him a life time of gratitude and service and that the creature will be his possession to command, this relates back to Frankensteins craving for power. This is much the contrary to the creatures account; he spends the bulk of chapter 11 describing his surroundings and what is going on around him. I gazed with a kind of wonder despite he still uses the pronoun, I in this quotation, he is describing the world around him and is not describing himself. It is also filling the creature with joy, much unlike the when Frankenstein describes the creature, His yellow skin scarcely covered the work of muscles and arteries beneath. One obvious similarity between the two chapters is that both characters are aiming to persuade and both use persuasive language as much as possible. Frankenstein uses it to justify his actions, Oh! No mortal could support the horror of that countenance whereas the creature uses it to provoke sympathy, poor, helpless, miserable wretch and I sat down and wept.

The Grand Canyon free essay sample

The Grand Canyon National Park contains one of the most well known natural wonders of our country: The Grand Canyon. It is located in Arizona. Over the years, the Grand Canyon has attracted many visitors, and today the park sees nearly five million visitors yearly (NPS, History Culture). It has always been a target for human interest, going back to the days where Native Americans ruled the land and continuing through present times. However, like the rest of our natural world, the Grand Canyon faces many threats, mainly due to humans. What are these things that threaten the Grand Canyon, what is being done to combat them, and what else can be done to protect the Grand Canyon National Park? Within the Grand Canyon lays the Colorado River, which scientists believe carved it out 17 million years ago, much earlier than the previous estimate of 6 million years (Wilford). The river consumes the area over time, eventually forming the magnificent canyon that we see today. We will write a custom essay sample on The Grand Canyon or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The canyon runs east-west so it has a North Rim and a South Rim. The Grand Canyon is 277 miles long, 18 miles wide and 5,000 feet deep (Grand Canyon Facts). It contains several ecosystems and hundreds of unique species of animals and over a thousand species of plants (Grand Canyon Facts). The Grand Canyon contains very old objects that date from up to 12,000 years ago (NPS, History Culture), back to early Native American culture. Therefore, it has been known to, used by, and been occupied by humans for a very long time. According to the U. S. National Park Service, â€Å"the park has recorded over 4,800 archeological resources with an intensive survey of nearly Le 2 3% of the park area† (NPS, History Culture). The Grand Canyon was first given federal protection in 1893, but it wasn’t for nearly another 30 years that it would become a National Park. This happened in 1913, three years after the National Park Service was created (NPS, History Culture). The Grand Canyon is thus one of the oldest national parks in the country. Before it became a national park and a magnet for tourism, the Grand Canyon attracted explorers, pioneers, and corporations looking to harness resources from it. Being a national, the Grand Canyon has always been a target of conservation. The first such effort was started by Franklin D. Roosevelt, who in 1933 put people to work who were jobless due to the Great Depression (NPS, CCC). He created the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) and filled it using poor and unemployed men. It lasted for nine years, and during its time they traveled around the country completing conservation projects at national parks and other sites. They engaged in projects such as â€Å"tree planting, trail construction, erosion control, forest fire fighting, state park development, and fire road construction† (NPS, CCC). According to the National Park Service, four federal agencies were used to make sure that the CCC was successful. The Department of Labor selected the workers, The Department of War transported, supervised, and managed their care, and the Departments of Agriculture and Interior designed the projects and supervised the Corps. What types of threats does the Grand Canyon face today? Well, there are many in fact. Due to pollution, building, and other human activities, nature is Le 3 often thrown out of balance, and without further human intervention to reverse these problems, natural habitats are threatened. According to a report by the National Parks Conservation Association, one challenge is â€Å"Colorado River management actions that do not incorporate adaptive strategies for protecting and restoring fish, river flows, riverine habitats, cultural sites, and archaeological resources along the river corridor† NPCA, 3). Other problems include sounds cape management, such as over flights that can disturb visitors, wildlife, and the 11 Native American tribes which live in the park (NPCA, 3). Greater and better relationships with these tribes are also wanted. Mining activities from the past and present, along with air pollution from nearby areas also pose threats to the health of the park. Due to environmental change, the canyon even faces threats from non-native animals intruding. According to Anne Minard of the High Country News, drought has recently brought bison into the park. They were originally taken into Arizona for an experiment to breed them with cattle, although that failed (Minard). â€Å"Biologists with the National Park Service say the huge animals (males can weigh up to 2,500 pounds) are wallowing in riparian areas and damaging cultural sites. They considered building a fence, but that would affect other wildlife, such as mule deer† (Minard). The NPCA also states that there are â€Å"front country and backcountry management and protection needs, particularly in regard to the challenges of park size, visitation patterns, and shortfalls in funding, which compromise efforts to preserve and protect the park’s resources. † Finally, the Grand Canyon faces the threat of climate change, like much of the Le 4 rest of the world. The Grand Canyon faces threats to its land, water, resources, wildlife, and even people. What are some things being done to address these problems and what more can be done to do so? The NPCA addresses each problem and makes recommendations. The river must go back to a more natural state, with a reduction in rafting and non-native oceangoing animals. The NPCA also recommends restorative flows to the river. For noise pollution, the park should prohibit flights and certain areas and put a cap on air tours. Mining is one thing that is already been addressed. The report states that â€Å"The Secretary of the Interior has temporarily barred the filing of new mining claims — including those for uranium — on the nearly one million acres of public land surrounding the Grand Canyon. † The NPCA recommends that Congress pass an act to permanently ban mining on these public lands. Since the park has no authority over air pollution from other areas, it must rely on government regulation to cut down on pollution. The park should press the government to continue regulating pollution. In 1991, environmental groups and a nearby Navajo electrical plant agreed to â€Å"drastically cut sulfur-dioxide emissions,† (Air Pollution) but there is still more to be done. As for non-native animals, greater effort must be undertaken to make sure that they are removed and that more are not brought in. When it comes to park management, the park needs more resources and funding to ensure that visitors have a great and safe experience and that all buildings and structures in the park are in good Le 5 condition. For building ties with the Native American tribes, the park should make them more involved and known to visitors, through areas like history, art, and â€Å"cultural significance† (NPCA, 4). When it comes to climate change, this is another thing that is beyond the park’s control, as it is a global event. The whole world must take action against climate change in order for both the Grand Canyon National Park and the Earth itself to be protected. â€Å"Grand Canyon Park Supervisor Steve Martin said he generally agrees with the report’s findings† (O’Keefe). The Grand Canyon Chapter of the Sierra Club, an environmental organization, has been working with the park for years on protecting its environment. The chapter aims to fight against climate change and preserve wildlife. Some of their objectives include stopping mining in the park and the surrounding region, limit off-road vehicle activity in the area, convince Congress to pass the Grand Canyon Watersheds Protection Act, and â€Å"promote resilient habitats† (Sierra Club). In conclusion, there are many things that threaten this grand park, and there are many challenges ahead for preserving the Grand Canyon.

Yuan Dynasty Emperors List - Chinese Emperors

Yuan Dynasty Emperors List - Chinese Emperors The Yuan Dynasty in China was one of the five khanates of the Mongol Empire, founded by Genghis Khan. It ruled most of the modern day China from 1271 to 1368.  Genghis Khans grandson, Kublai Khan, was the founder and first emperor of the Yuan Dynasty. Each Yuan emperor also served as the Great Khan of the Mongols, meaning that the rulers of the Chagatai Khanate, the Golden Horde, and the Ilkhanate answered to him (at least in theory). Mandate of Heaven According to official Chinese histories, the Yuan Dynasty received the Mandate of Heaven even though it was not ethnically Han Chinese. This was true of several other major dynasties in Chinese history, including the Jin Dynasty (265 - 420 CE) and the Qing Dynasty (1644 - 1912). Although the Mongol rulers of China adopted some Chinese customs, such as the use of the Civil Service Exam system based on the writings of Confucius, the dynasty maintained its distinctly Mongol approach to life and lordship. Yuan emperors and empresses were famous for their love of hunting from horseback, and some of the early Yuan era Mongol lords evicted Chinese peasants from their farms and turned the land into horse pastures. The Yuan emperors, unlike other foreign rulers of China, married and took concubines only from within the Mongol aristocracy. Thus, to the end of the dynasty, the emperors were of pure Mongol heritage. Mongol Rule For almost a century, China flourished under Mongol rule. Trade along the Silk Road, which had been interrupted by warfare and banditry, grew strong once again under the Pax Mongolica. Foreign traders flowed into China, including a man from far-off Venice called Marco Polo, who spent more than two decades in Kublai Khans court. However, Kublai Khan over-extended his military power and the Chinese treasury with his military adventures overseas. Both of his invasions of Japan ended in disaster, and his attempted conquest of Java, now in Indonesia, was equally (although less dramatically) unsuccessful. The Red Turban Rebellion Kublais successors were able to rule in relative peace and prosperity until the end of the 1340s.  At that time, a series of droughts and floods produced famine in the Chinese countryside. People began to suspect that the Mongols had lost the Mandate of Heaven. The Red Turban Rebellion began in 1351, drawing its members from the hungry ranks of the peasantry, and would end up overthrowing the Yuan Dynasty in 1368. The emperors are listed here by their given names and khan names. Although Genghis Khan and several other relatives were posthumously named emperors of the Yuan Dynasty, this list begins with Kublai Khan, who actually defeated the Song Dynasty and established control over greater China. Borjigin Kublai, Kublai Khan, 1260-1294Borjigin Temur, Temur Oljeytu Khan, 1294-1307Borjigin Qayshan, Qayshan Guluk, 1308-1311Borjigin Ayurparibhadra, Ayurparibhadra, 1311-1320Borjigin Suddhipala, Suddhipala Gegeen, 1321-1323Borjigin Yesun-Temur, Yesun-Temur, 1323-1328Borjigin Arigaba, Arigaba, 1328Borjigin Toq-Temur, Jijaghatu Toq-Temur, 1328-1329 and 1329-1332Borjigin Qoshila, Qoshila Qutuqtu, 1329Borjigin Irinchibal, Irinchibal, 1332Borjigin Toghan-Temur, Toghan-Temur, 1333-1370

Two Psychometric Tests Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Two Psychometric Tests - Essay Example CPP, the institute from where the test can be officially obtained, claims that it administers over 2 million assessments annually, which is the largest number for any psychometric assessment. The entire framework of MBTI rests on four major dichotomies (Berens, 2001, pp. 85-86). Attitude, the first dichotomy, divides people into Extroverts (E) or Introverts (I). The former prefer more interaction, action and spending time with people, whereas, the latter feel more comfortable while spending time alone, believe in being thought oriented, little but substantial interaction and depth in their limited social interactions (Bayne, 1997, pp. 89-90). The function of â€Å"perceiving† is the second dichotomy that divides into Sensing (S) or Intuition (N). Sensing refers to the approach where people look for concrete evidence, facts and empirical evidence. They prefer data coming from, or verifiable through, the five senses and favour measureable information. On the other hand, intuitive people make more effort to look for hidden meanings, patterns and contexts in the data presented to them. They would show more flexibility and trust of abstract and theoretical concepts, insights, subconscious feelings and others (Myers and Myers, 1980, pp. 55-56). The â€Å"judging† function is the third dichotomy, where a person would be classified as a Thinker (T) or Feeler (F). The judging function is concerned with how an individual is making decisions. Thinkers are more likely to make rational, logical and calculated decisions. They avoid developing an attachment with the variables and entities in order to achieve objectivity and make no comprise on the rules and regulations. Feelers, on the other hand, have the tendency to understand the situation from the inside, evaluate other perspectives, create relationships with the variables and then make a decision in order to create a harmony and balance (John, et al., 2008, p. 160). Lastly, the dichotomy of â€Å"lifestyle† classifies people into having a preference for Judging (J) function for Perceiving (P) function. The former people are more likely to live an organised and settled life. On the other hand, perceivers prefer keeping their decisions and options open (Myers and M yers, 1980, pp. 55-56). Development and Design The father of analytical psychology, Carl Jung, deserves the bulk of the credit for the creation of MBTI. Many of the concepts put forward by MBTI were a part of the Jung’s book Psychological Types published in the year 1921. However, the arrangement and approach was a bit different because Jung believed that everyone is either a â€Å"perceiver† or a â€Å"judger†. The rest of the other dimensions would flow from this division (John, et al., 2008, p. 160). MBTI, in its original form, was developed by a team of Katherine Briggs and Isabel Briggs Myers, the mother daughter team, divides people into sixteen different personality types. According to MBTI, there are four dichotomies, each one having two extremes and any people could be at or near any extreme thus allowing sixteen different personality types, based on different combinations (Bayne, 2004, pp. 99-100). MBTI first appeared in the year 1942 and since then it has been revised several times with different authors and most of these revisions have played an important

History - Renassiance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

History - Renassiance - Essay Example Despite Senate sanction, the triumvirate was in realty a military junta and the Senate was completely cut off from power. In the proscription that followed, political rivals, including 300 Senators, were executed and their property seized. Julius Caesar was officially deified, further strengthening Octavian’s position as the divi filius, or son of God. The forces of Brutus and Cassius, Caesar’s assassins, were defeated by Octavian and Antony at Philippi in 42 B.C. This can be viewed as the end of any hope of resurrecting the Roman Republic. The final blow against the forces of the old Republic was struck when Octavian’s general, Agrippa, defeated Sextus Pompeius in 36 B.C. at the Battle of Naulochus. Octavian used Antony’s Egyptian connection with Cleopatra to manipulate Roman public opinion against him, culminating in Antony’s defeat at Actium in 31 B.C. Octavian shrewdly adopted the role of defender of the Republic. He brilliantly portrayed Actium as a triumph for the Senate and the Republic, rather than his defeat of a hated rival. He was now in absolute control of Rome. Octavian maintained the elaborate fiction of restoring the Roman Republic by retaining the traditional practices such as consuls, senate and tribunes. By remaining Consul from 31 – 23 B.C., holding the tribunician authority and controlling all the important provinces, Octavian firmly kept the reins of power in his own hands. At the same time, he avoided all external trappings of dictatorship or monarchy. He announced the end of the civil wars with the Pax Romana, executed an ambitious building program and strengthened the economy. In 27 B.C. Octavian brilliantly orchestrated the First Settlement, under which he apparently surrendered his powers to the Senate and was ‘persuaded’ to take them back! He was bestowed the title of ‘Augustus,’ or revered, but claimed to be content to

Curriculum Development Essay Example for Free

Curriculum Development Essay In the early 20th century, there was a stable increase in high school enrolment and graduation rates. This is because of the second industrial revolution which led to an increased demand for white collar jobs. It is important to understand that the aims of secondary have the societal needs as their point of departure. The societal social, economic, political and even religious needs have hitherto determined the content. However, sometimes it is possible that the two i. e. high school education goals and societal needs may be out of touch thus making the education boring irrelevant and boring. This paper seeks to highlight how American high school viewed as irrelevant can be rearranged to fit the needs of a rapidly emerging high-tech society in the United States. The paper also dwells on a model development of a flexible one-block schedule for a medium sized high school that will include provisions for both departmentalization and team instruction can be. It finally compares the issues and problems in the high school education in the past 50 years with the present ones. The emerging American society has become high tech and calls for a high degree of specialization in any field that an individual deals with. Americans need experts in all fields. Based on the premise that there is need for experts in the job market, the products of high school education are found to be less prepared for this kind of demand. In the American education, there is no specialization until the sophomore year in college. Therefore, there is a pressing need to embrace specialization in the early years in high school to make the students better prepared for the job market. Another issue of concern is the fact that American students have full control of their education in that they choose even the core classes. The curriculum drafters have the responsibility of ensuring that the languages, science and mathematics be compulsory because the respective skills of communication, critical reasoning and evaluation are necessary in the job market. Consider a model one block schedule for a medium sized high school. The model emphasizes the core or compulsory classes that each student must take. These core classes can be taken together in large classes by one teacher but when it comes to the electives, and then the classes need to be at the departmental level. The departments need to develop there own timetables in consideration of the core classes timetable and a curricula tailored to be in tune with the job market specifications. The core classes need ton run everyday. A student is supposed to belong to at least one department and at most three. These are the departments that will help the students specialize in the field of his/her fancy. Before a student t joins any department, there is need for him to clearly describe his career to the careers master at the department so as to determine how what is offered at the department can fit the student’s career goals. The career master is then supposed to advice the student to either join that department or refer him to another one which will fit student’s specifications. This model schedule emphasizes the concept of early specialization as a way of preparing the student for the job market. A number of issues have bedevilled secondary or high school education. The major one being lack of security in the school. The recent shootings by students with guns in schools serve to illustrate this rather unfortunate issue. These shootings underscore the very responsibilities of the school officials of ensuring that students, teachers and other workers are safe while at school. Another issue is the completion rates of high schools which have stagnated for the last 30 years. If progress exists, there is need for the completion rates to be seen increasing. A major issue in education in American high schools is the lack of a nationalized curriculum. Every state has its own specifications and this has in the past attracted cries for the nationalization of education so as to establish national standards that should be adhered by all states. The above issues are either a recurrence of last 50 years or new altogether. Fifty years ago, there was high security in the schools, the completion rate increased especially during the second industrial revolution due to the high demand for skilled manpower. For the case of the nationalization of secondary education, this has been an issue from time immemorial. Each state has been giving its own curriculum with a few resemblances here and there.

Enhancing Quality of Palmyrah (Borrasus Flabellifer) Jaggery

Enhancing Quality of Palmyrah (Borrasus Flabellifer) Jaggery STANDARDIZE AND ENHANCE THE QUALITY OF PALMYRAHÂ  (Borrasus Flabellifer) JAGGERY S. Mary, K. Velauthamurty, S. Srivijeindran, G.Sashikesh Palmyrah (borrasus flabellifer) Jaggery is one of the ancient sweetening agent known to man and is an integral part of traditional diet in many parts of Sri Lanka. Jaggery is produced by concentrating the Inflorescence sap of Palmyrah palm (Sweet Toddy) to a thick consistency. The product has sweet in taste and golden yellow in colour. However existing jaggery available in the market is inferior in its quality as liquefaction and deterioration of color. It shows poor keeping qualities due to the presence of moisture. Through this research attention to be made to eradicate its hydroscopic nature in the existing jaggery to upgrade it. Optimization of quick lime (CaO) and pH of sweet toddy to produce jaggery are to be carried out. In the period of May to June different areas in Jaffna peninsula four field trials were carried out to collect sap by using quick lime with above 95% purity produced at Palmyrah Research Institute. Physical and chemical quality characteristics of produced jagg ery in laboratory and commercial samples were studied according to comply with Sri Lankan standards for jaggery. Quality of jaggery was enhanced using proper technology and sweet sap with acceptable lime with higher degree of purity. For suitable jaggery production, 2.508 Â ± 0.411 grams of lime (96 % purity) per one liter of sweet sap was optimized and this jaggery was scored high score than jaggery from other field trials. Key words: Palmyrah (Borrasus flabellifer) Jaggery, quick lime and sweet sap Introduction Jaggery industry is one of the ancient and large cottage industries in palmyrah society. The product normally made in household level has bitter taste due to the presence of excess amount of lime with low purity. As sugars are known to be hygroscopic it is possible for melting of jaggery (Molasses) due to presence of excess moisture in the environment and other moisture absorbing impurities from quick lime and triple super phosphate for deliming the quick lime and minor improper practices in processing. Even if the demand for jaggery according to their food based applications is continuously growing in the rural, urban and semi-urban markets palmyrah jaggery cannot be marketed whole of the year, means up to next season. Because sweet toddy production is seasonal and produced jaggery shows poor keeping qualities. Quick lime used in the preparation of jaggery is generally obtained from furnacing oysters (mostly sea shell in Jaffna) using coconut husk charcoal and the temperature is not up to the optimum level to produce pure lime. Therefore there is a high possible for adulteration by impurities presence in quick lime. Traditionally lime used to prevent the fermentation of sweet sap, is produced mainly from sea shell and hardly from oysters. But no studies were yet carried out on the composition and purity of quick lime used in local production. Another major issue is the local tappers are using excess amount lime which present in sweet toddy. Availability of quick lime at higher degree of purity will ensure the maintenance of extreme alkaline pH of the sweet toddy with minimum amount of it.When tappers bring limed sweet sap to the production unit at different time periods few of them get fermented and it is also used for the production. This issue leads to the poor quality of jaggery. According to these basic principles this research is proposed for improving and standardizing the quality of palm jaggery. This project will upgrade the quality of palm jaggery and increase the market demand for palmyrah jaggery. Materials and Methods Matured and healthy female palmyah palms were labeled near to jaggery producing areas of Jaffna peninsula in the period of May to June. From this palm, well prepared and healthy inflorescence were identified for sap collection and the sap was collected in earthen pots, which was kept under hygienic condition. Selected inflorescences were tapped in the evening between 5 to 6 p.m to ooze out sweet sap. Before attaching sap collecting pots with inflorescence according to tappers experience day before experiment day with the inflorescence underwent experiment, known amount of quick lime with 96 % purity was applied to arrest fermentation. Four field trials were carried out. Fresh sap exudation was collected at morning between 7 to 8 a.m. The pH of the sweet sap in each pot was measured by pH meter2 and brix was measured by hand refractometer. Collected sweet sap in separate cans was brought to laboratory in aseptic, sterile and dark condition. Within one hour whole samples were pooled an d pH of pooled sap was measured. Jaggery was produced and packed in polyethyene packets. Sensory evaluation of produced jaggery was carried out to select best samples on the basis of sensory attributes. The colour, odor, appearance, flavor and texture were evaluated by 12 untrained persons. The total acceptability of the samples was evaluated using five point hedonic scale subjectively. Collected data were statistically analyzed using the MINITAB statistical analysis package according to the Freedman nonparametric test at 5 % level of significance. Results and Discussion Different field visits were conduct to optimize lime for the processing of palm jaggery and all the summarized results were recorded in the table 01. In field visit 1 (T1), field visit 2 (T2), field visit 3 (T3) and field visit 4 (T4) amount of applied quick lime were 4.668 Â ± 0.847 g/L, 3.188 Â ± 0.242 g/L, 2.508 Â ± 0.411 g/L and 2.051 Â ± 0.833 g/L and pH of them were 11.51, 10.62, 9.43 and 8.23 respectively. According to Sri Lankan Standard1 fresh jaggery samples from T1, T2 and T3 field visits at the time of packaging moisture content of all was below 10 %. Sweet sap samples with pH between 7 and 8 quickly changed into acidic medium with time and this indicates the microbial activity is present considerably. Jaggery from field visits 4 shows melting property and moisture content was below 12.5 %. It was identified that fermented sweet sap also course melting of jaggery. Therefore pH of sweet sap needs to be maintained above pH 9 in large scale application. For the suitable jaggery production without deliming step 2.508 Â ± 0.411 grams of lime (96 % purity) per one liter of sweet sap was optimized. Table 01: Summary of all field visits Sensory evaluation Sensory data obtained through the five point hedonic evaluating test, revealed that there were significance difference in colour (p = 0.012), appearance (p = 0.003) and texture (p = 0.001) characteristic among the jaggery samples produced in the laboratory. However there were no significant difference in flaver (p = 0.296) and mouth feel (p = 0.145) among the samples. The sample code 115 gained the highest sum of the rank for the colour, appearance, and texture. Therefore code 115 sample was selected as best sample Produced jaggery in laboratory scale from all the field visits, according to the sensory evaluation quality of colour, texture and appearance were increased with decreasing pH. Produced jaggery sample from each field trials were in the figure 01. Table 02: sensory attributes of the jaggery Figure 01: Jaggery samples from four field visits (codes 175, 101, 115 and 142 were jaggery samples from first, second, third and fourth field visits respectively.) Conclusion Palmyrah jaggery would be a most popular sweetener in Srilanka. However it shows poor physico-chemical qualities. On the basis of facts jaggery can be produced without deliming step from fresh, unfermented and filtered sweet sap of palmyrah palm. Sweet sap should be maintain in pH 9 by using purified quick lime to arrest fermentation and it can be useful to get quality improved jaggery as high consumer acceptance in market. References SLS 512: 1981-Specification for jaggery – moisture content. Pp. 23 Mandal D, Tudu S, Mitra SR, De GC (2006). Effect of common packaging materials on keeping quality of sugarcane jaggery during monsoon season. Sugar Tech., 8(2/3): 137-142.

Galaxy and Dense Gas Passes

Comparing a yellow star, a blue star, and a red star, we could determine Just from color that the hottest star was the 10. One. BLUE Rotation curves of spiral galaxies show that stars' orbital speeds don't drop off with distance from the galactic center as expected, and thus imply the existence of . The main sequence includes the following kinds of stars: B) Hot, blue, large, massive ones and cool, red, small, low-mass ones 12. Which of the following was not an era In the history of the universe?The phases of the moon are caused by D) The alignment of the Earth/moon/sun system making a different portion of the Spectra help us determine the composition of astronomical objects because A) Each element, compound, or ion has a different set of spectral lines. 15. Dark energy is the most important factor in the of the universe. A) Accelerating 16. Universe scenario for the fate The outer planets are more massive than the inner planets because C) Both of the above 17. The three basic types of galaxies are B) Spiral, elliptical, and irregular. 8. A planet orbiting a star feels a force due to the star's gravity that C) Increases with the star's mass and decreases with the square of the distance. 19. Massive main sequence stars A) Have hot cores, use their hydrogen rapidly, and go supernova after a short life. 0. Hubbub's law gives us an indirect way to measure a galaxy's D) Distance. 21. We can determine an object's temperature from its thermal (or â€Å"blackbody') spectrum by finding the wavelength at which it emits the most electromagnetic radiation.Galileo findings from his telescopic observations were revolutionary because he showed that the heavens were not perfect. B) FALSE 28. If the sun had begun fusion later, so it did not clear the solar nebula of its remaining gas so soon, Uranus and Neptune might have become as large as Jupiter and Saturn are now. A) TRUE 29. If the sun somehow instantaneously became a 1 solar mass black hole, the Earth According to Hubbub 's law, the reediest of a distant galaxy is directly related to its temperature. B) False

Instinct and circumstance

Buber believes, that then â€Å"I† of the human is double, and relative to the relationships into which it enters. The â€Å"I† that replies to â€Å"Thou† is vastly different from the â€Å"I† that replies to â€Å"It†. Every act of saying I is an act of being I in one of these ways. I-It is any being as experience, analytic, I-Thou is the being as a relationship, synthetic. There is nothing in particular to be known about the Thou, it can only be understood in its wholeness and not known. We see it clearly and yet cannot tell the details.I-Thou comes before I-It, it is the basic â€Å"main word†. It is the first comprehension of the Other. But I-Thou is doomed to be come I-It as we familiarize ourselves with it and find a utilitarian approach to the Other. And yet I-It may become I-Thou if the scrutinizing man chooses to further the relationship and not look at the details of the one with who he is interacting, but at its essence. Still, it is impossible to live in the I-Thou mode constantly, for it is being only in the present and paying attention only to the present.Deep and essential it may be, and yet fickle and does not bode well for survival. As Buber puts it, â€Å"The human being cannot live without the It. But the one who lives only with the It is not a human being†, as these few fickle moments are the most direct manifestation of what makes us human – our ability to dialog directly. A growing civilization means a growing world of It, because each new civilization gathers within itself the â€Å"It† of the previous culture.It is usually falsely called a growth of spiritual life, but this is not true: spiritual life is the domain of the I-Thou, a response to the Absolute, while the growth of cognitive capacity generally diminishes the capability for having a true Relationship. The I-It word is nothing bad, unless it attempts to take the place of its rightful counterpart, as one is useless without the other. If one divides the â€Å"spheres of interest† of the Thou and It, he will get communities with nothing in common on one hand and feelings without substance on the other, a divided and sad existence.Buber speaks of two opposite pairs: of freedom and destiny and of necessity and fate. The first belong to I-Thou, the second to I-It. Destiny is a measure of self-actualization: only the person who has achieved freedom and understood what he is and what he truly desires can find his destiny. On the other hand, he who gives in to the laws of necessity and causality and does not act from the very depths of his being discounting causality meets the jaws of fate as his form of existence.He is the toy of the forces beyond him, while the man who follows his destiny rides the waves. Any culture generally starts on the impulse of I-Thou and declines on I-It, as does the human being. Buber differentiates between the Will and the self-will. The first is the grand impulse t o meet with one's destiny, to participate in the dialog. The second is merely the fickle desires of the limited human being, the lesser will controlled by instinct and circumstance. It is up to every human to choose what path he will take.This is the difference between individuality and personality, between learning one's boundaries by creating more of them or by destroying them – the result, in the end, is one and the same, but how different the experience! It is the choice between living in a mortal world or of mingling – even but momentarily – with Eternity itself. By relating the boundaries of the I-Thou one shapes them, as well, and creates them in a living response to outside circumstance, in dialog with it.By putting up walls in the I-It relationship, one distances oneself from the world, and is unable to react to any situation at hand, he may merely remember and try to act according to experience. There is no external difference between how the men in I- Thou and in I-It live. Both interact with the outside world, the man in I-Thou does not stop seeing the differences between things, lost in dialog. The difference is internal. For the man in I-Thou it is all a part of one living dialog. For the man in I-It, things are separate and only vaguely related.The man in I-Thou is interdependent on his dialog with the Absolute, but the Absolute is dependent on him, as well. The man in I-It thinks himself free but is dependent upon a thousand things. These two states are strangely interrelated. The stronger the It takes its hold on the I, the stronger the epiphanies the personal relationship of the I-Thou variety brings. Only through the greatest darkness will there be the greatest light, only through the loss of the word – dialog, only by going to the edges of fate can we know freedom, and through causality we learn the ways of destiny. Such are the cycles of the world in its eternal revolution.

Ancient Greek History Athens

Ancient Greek History Athens Ancient Greek history may reveal the secrets of the Greek glorious past, when all political and cultural life of the state was concentrated in a polis. Probably, the most powerful Greek polis was Athens. Exactly political life of Athens inspired this essay. In the writings of some prominent ancient historians one may find a lot of essential information about the political life of Athenian polis and the Athenians themselves.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ancient Greek History: Athens specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The works of these historians give an opportunity to state that in spite of the fighting and dying in wars, the Athenians contributed to the good of their polis. The essay is focused on desires and motives of the Athenians that led them to this contribution. Also, it seems to be necessary to understand how these desires and motives affected the political and cultural life of Athens. Herodotus (484-425BC) describes the sea battle of Salamis (480 BC), one of the Greek-Persian wars. The battle took place in Aegean Sea, near the island salamis. The Greeks achieved a glorious victory. The extremely powerful Athenian military fleet was a reliable stronghold of the entire ancient Greece that time. The Athenian citizens were evacuated from the polis. When the Persians were located in Athens, the Athenian army was positioned in the Eleusinian bay. In spite of the fact that the number of Persian ships excelled that of Greek ones, the masterful military strategy of the Athenians gave them an opportunity to win the battle. Herodotus writes: â€Å"†¦the Hellenic fleet reached its full number of three hundred and eighty ships† (Herodotus, 430 BC). Proceeding from the Herodotus’ writing, one may find that Themistocles, an Athenian political leader and a military general, tried to focus the Athenian power on sea, in contrast to his â€Å"bitter enemy† Aristides, who was f or the land superiority; Herodotus calls him â€Å"the best and the most just man in Athens† (Herodotus, 430 BC, LXXIX). However, their military union allowed them to win. The historian notes that it was a truly glorious sea battle: ‘Yet they were brave that day, much more brave than they had been at Euboea, for they all showed zeal out of fear of Xerxes, each one thinking that the king was watching him† (Herodotus, 430 BC,LXXXVI). This way, Themistocles’s fleet sank many Xerxes’ ships, and destroyed the army; however, some of Persian ships managed to escape. Herodotus underlines that after the victory, they were ready to fight again with Persian enemy, and prepared for other battle (Herodotus, 430 BC). Thus, the Athenians showed the military unity in the battle of Salamis. In the face of the common danger, the Greeks were able to unify their strengths, and achieved the victory.Advertising Looking for essay on ancient history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The period of tyrannical Pisistratus’ rule found its descriptions in the writings of some historians. Herodotus describes one of his sons, Hipparchus, and his assassination. Also, he writes: â€Å"the Athenians were subject for four years to a tyranny not less but even more absolute than before† (Herodotus, â€Å"The Assassination of Hipparchus, n. d.). According to Herodotus, he ruled with his brother Hippias. Hippias was responsible for economical and political aspect of Athenian life, Hipparchus was interested in the arts. The historian notes that he had a vision of his death from his dream. The representatives of Gephyraean clan (Harmodius and Aristogeiton) murdered Hipparchus. The reason is obvious: Hipparchus was in love with Aristogeiton’s woman, Harmodius; after his death, Hippias turned into an even crueler tyrant. However, the citizens could not stand it for a long time, and f inally, â€Å"the Athenians got rid of their tyrants† (Herodotus, â€Å"The Assassination of Hipparchus, 430 BC, LXV). However, Lacedaemonias’ army contributed to the tyranny end, as well. Thucydides (460-395 BC) also described the period of Pisistratus’ rule, the tyranny of his sons, and the circumstances of Hipparchus’ death. He writes: â€Å"The commons had heard how oppressive the tyranny of Pisistratus and his sons had become before it ended, and further that that tyranny had been put down at last, not by themselves and Harmodius, but by the Lacedaemonias† (Thucydides, The Assassination of Hipparchus, n. d.). As one may see, the Athenians experienced hard times under tyranny, and were able to drive the tyrannical family away. The successful revolt was a natural response to it. However, there are other essential pages in Athenian political life. In one of his writings, Thucydides mentions Theseus, king of Athens. It was the time, when there we re many independent towns near Athens. The historian states that this king was â€Å"of equal intelligence and power†, whose main organizational feature in policy was â€Å"to abolish the council chambers and magistrates of the petty cities, and to merge them in the single council-chamber and town-hall of the present capital† (Thucydides, 431 BC, XV). As Athena was the main goddess honored buy the Athenians, Theseus established the traditional feast: Synoecia. Thucydides believes that â€Å"from him dates the Synoecia, or Feast of Union; which is paid for by the state, and which the Athenians still keep in honor of the goddess† (Thucydides, 431 BC, XV). Thus, the king preserved the Athenian traditions, and became one of the Greek heroes. Nevertheless, the peaceful golden period finished, and Athens was involved in the military conflict. Thucydides dedicated several works to the Peloponnesian war, where Sparta (Dorians) and Athens (Ionians) took part. There was a long tension between them; the reason lies in their political life. Athens was a democratic polis, while Sparta’s political rule was oligarchy.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ancient Greek History: Athens specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thucydides mentions Pericles as a famous Athenian ruler (Thucydides, 431 BC). Under his rule, Athens experienced the golden peak of their political, economic and cultural development. He turned Athens into the sea mistress: the polis had the most powerful fleet in ancient Greece. However, Peloponnesian war became the fatal event in the history of Athens. It was a tragic page of the Athenians; many citizens died in that war. In his work, Thucydides describes the funeral and Pericles’ oration. The author writes: â€Å"the dead are laid in the public sepulcher in the most beautiful suburb of the city, in which those who fall in war are always buried† (Thucydides, 431 BC, XXXIV). The Athenian ruler, Pericles pronounced his eulogium on the elevated platform near the sepulcher. His embittered speech was saturated with deep patriotism and bitterness of defeat. Pericles recollected the glorious background of the Athenians. Also, Pericles mentioned that the Athenian constitution is unique that makes democratic, liberal and highly-developed Athens a pattern for others to follow. He stresses the powerful military policy that makes Athens different from its antagonists. He tells the following words: â€Å"We throw open our city to the world, and never by alien acts exclude foreigners from any opportunity of learning or observing, although the eyes of the enemy may occasionally profit by our liberality; trusting less in system and policy than to the native spirit of our citizens; while in education, where our rivals from their very cradles by a painful discipline seek after manliness, at Athens we live exactly as we please, and yet are just as ready to encounter every legitimate danger† (Thucydides, 431 BC, XXXIX). It is obvious that the Athens ruler realizes all the valor of those who died in one of numerous Peloponnesian wars. Pericles’ speech reflects all the glorious pages of Athenian history and military policy of their neighbors. However, Thucydides draws reader’s attention to another episode of the Peloponnesian war. In one of his works, he describes Mytilenian debate that occurred in Athens in the period of the Peloponnesian wars. In general, these wars were the result of political and ethnical diversity of Greece, where the Athenian played the role of authoritative centre. Nevertheless, the Mytilenians’ (from the island Lesbos) rebellion that signed their desire to defeat Athenian authority, did not have success, and the Athenians divided most of the Lesbian land (Thucydides, 427 BC). The analyzed historians’ works give an opportunity to make some general conclusions about political m otives and desires of the Athenians in the period, when Athens was considered to be the powerful political and cultural centre. The glorious battle of Salamis proves the Athenians’ desire to defeat the foreign enemy, the Persians.Advertising Looking for essay on ancient history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The victory of Greeks would be impossible without powerful military unity of several Greek peoples (Ionians, Dorians, etc.). Moreover, the Athenians managed to overthrew their tyrants (Pisistratus and his sons) that showed their negative reaction to the tyranny (Athens was a democratic polis). However, ancient Greece flooded in internecine wars, and the Peloponnesian wars worsened the political situation for the Athenians. Nevertheless, such prominent figures as Theseus and Pericles were those political leaders that improved the life of the Athenians. Sea military power, constitution and successful political way of life gave Athens an opportunity to prove their significance.

Free Essays on Why Americans Dont Vote

The acquisition of political rights- including voting rights- has been a vital tool for every disempowered group in American’s history to achieve economic, social and civil rights and equality (Williamson, 1960; Porter, 1971). Because legislative bodies confer rights and make public policy, it is critical to possess the capacity to influence and/or select representatives. Legal barriers to political participation, however, have hampered the attainment of such rights by distinct classes of citizens, including African-Americans, women, and youth. Previously excluded groups have gained access to the franchise principally through political struggle. They fought their way into the polity through political agitation, sometimes using the courts as a tool. Ultimately they needed the support of other sectors in society to win political rights. The agitation of the property-less encouraged sectors of the propertied to extend the franchise; the abolitionist movement and civil rights movements led whites to enfranchise blacks; the suffragettes compelled men to include women among the voting citizenry; and younger adults, whose participation in the social movements of the 1960s and 1970s, were granted voting rights by older adults. Why not for immigrants too? Although noncitizen immigrants behave in much the same ways as citizens, they possess fewer rights and benefits.1 Immigrants are subject to all laws and pay taxes, work in and/or own businesses, send their children to schools, serve in the military and can be drafted, and participate in all aspects of daily social life. Nevertheless, noncitizen immigrants are precluded from selecting those who fashion public policy and represent them at every level of governance. As Salvador Hernandez, a 40 year old immigrant from El Salvador who works for an organization called Centro Presente that promotes and supports immigrant civic â€Å"Non-Citizen Voting: Pipe Dream or Possibility† by Ron Hay... Free Essays on Why Americans Don't Vote Free Essays on Why Americans Don't Vote The acquisition of political rights- including voting rights- has been a vital tool for every disempowered group in American’s history to achieve economic, social and civil rights and equality (Williamson, 1960; Porter, 1971). Because legislative bodies confer rights and make public policy, it is critical to possess the capacity to influence and/or select representatives. Legal barriers to political participation, however, have hampered the attainment of such rights by distinct classes of citizens, including African-Americans, women, and youth. Previously excluded groups have gained access to the franchise principally through political struggle. They fought their way into the polity through political agitation, sometimes using the courts as a tool. Ultimately they needed the support of other sectors in society to win political rights. The agitation of the property-less encouraged sectors of the propertied to extend the franchise; the abolitionist movement and civil rights movements led whites to enfranchise blacks; the suffragettes compelled men to include women among the voting citizenry; and younger adults, whose participation in the social movements of the 1960s and 1970s, were granted voting rights by older adults. Why not for immigrants too? Although noncitizen immigrants behave in much the same ways as citizens, they possess fewer rights and benefits.1 Immigrants are subject to all laws and pay taxes, work in and/or own businesses, send their children to schools, serve in the military and can be drafted, and participate in all aspects of daily social life. Nevertheless, noncitizen immigrants are precluded from selecting those who fashion public policy and represent them at every level of governance. As Salvador Hernandez, a 40 year old immigrant from El Salvador who works for an organization called Centro Presente that promotes and supports immigrant civic â€Å"Non-Citizen Voting: Pipe Dream or Possibility† by Ron Hay...

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 9

Case Study Example Robert Eaton could have protected himself by drafting a contract that would protect the rights of Chrysler employees and should have proceeded with the merger only after Daimler complied. 3. A firm can protect itself from cannibalization by accurately balancing demand and supply of their product. They should ensure that inventory levels are such that an existing product is gradually sold out before a new one is introduced. However investments in R&D would ensure that they introduce innovative products before the competition. 4. Cultural problems could be avoided with introducing a superior organizational culture that would supersede other cultural values. This can be accomplished by making employees feel as if they are a part of a family and the organization is their home. Once they are at the work place they need to forget individual differences and embrace a common organizational culture. 5. Zetsche’s move to fire the head of sales and marketing immediately was wrong. Although Zetsche was advised to make drastic change (Hartley 207) and indulge in cost-cutting, firing a person of this position would lower the morale and motivation of the other employees. Furthermore, there was no evidence that Sales and marketing was responsible for loses, on the contrary loses were as a result of the overstocking decision by Schrempp. 6. Rebates are a better choice than regular price reductions. In case of price reductions the customer may perceive that the price is low because the product has lower quality or it will be replaced by a newer version. Furthermore, price reductions can hinder the ability of a manufacturer to take the price back to its original (Lamb et al. 235). 7. Yes, I agree that the use of parts of Mercedes in Chrysler cars would damage the perception of the Mercedes brand. Chrysler makes cars for people with varying purchasing power and quality expectation. Mercedes on the other hand was known for its prestige and class. By

Abortion, war, and capital punishment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Abortion, war, and capital punishment - Essay Example The best thing to reduce cases of killings is to ban any form of killing be it in war, abortion, capital punishment etc. this would play a major role in reducing cases of deaths as all people who will commit any form of murder will face the full force of the law. There is no individual or body that should have the right to take the life of any person. Many cases have arose where a person is found guilty and sentenced to capital punishment and after appealing the case the person is then found innocent. This illustrate that it is hard to determine if the person is supposed to be killed or not (Korsgaard, 2008, p.189). War has also seen loss of thousands lives of innocent people. This calls for universal reshuffle of laws that have anything to do with taking away human life. My argument surrounds along the deontology rights where everyone has a duty to take care of his life without any outside interference. People should only be responsible for their rights and life and no third party should interfere through making decisions to take away their lives (Korsgaard 2008, p.

The nice thing about standards is that there are so many to choose Essay

The nice thing about standards is that there are so many to choose from. - Andrew S. Tannenbaum - Essay Example Computer users are required to use computers in a way or manner respecting the needs of the other computer users and the society in general. There are practises in computing that are regarded illegal, immoral, and unprofessional. Professional responsibility Experts in the field of computing have moral duties and responsibilities to their customers, their bosses, colleagues, as well as the society in general geared towards achieving or accomplishing their skilled and specialised obligations. In other words, all professionals in the field off computing have from time immemorial guided by a code of ethics that guides them to make their own resolutions when face with moral issues. It is important to consider the fact that professional responsibility in computing is directed by moral values and standards, trustworthiness, morality, impartiality, independence as well as magnanimity (Bott, 2005). In definition, professional responsibilities can be defined as the supplementary or extra oblig ations that ought to be assumed by computing professionals or computer users in respect to their exceptional and distinctive understanding, talents, and abilities (Baase, 2012). According to Bott (2005), these ought to be also assumed in respect to their relationship and connections between them and other individuals in computing practise, and the faith and hope of the public in general. Therefore, a computing professional is supposed to support, maintain, and defend the standards and principles within the society, diagnose, identify, and follow the set rules and guidelines of professional practise, and as well endorse and encourage individuals of the public in their endeavours. The role of code of ethics A code of ethics is defined as the standards or principles adopted by an institution aimed at helping employees and other stakeholders within that particular institution make a distinction between what is considered wrong and what is right. Codes of ethics in computing acts to help computer users to comprehend the decisions they make. It is of importance for professionals to ensure that computers are used correctly in order to maintain professionalism. The use of computers in many organisations or institutions is subject to a number of guidelines or procedures. These set guidelines and procedures of practise that ought to be followed discourage individuals using computers in their endeavours to avoid any issues that may invade or go against the certification agreements or accords. There are a lot of standards for computer users to choose from and sometimes it might be confusing. In learning institutions for instance, learners using computer technology have to comply with the set guidelines and standards. These are otherwise known as the code of ethics. Any member of the learning institution or any other person affiliated to the learning institution is bound by the code of ethics either legally or morally (Bynum and Rogerson, 2004). There have been cases in th e past whereby some people have used another person’s email account deceitfully. Institutions have put it down in their codes of ethics that such behaviours are illegal and anyone found guilty of employing fabricated and deceitful identity can be sentenced to serve time in jail or pay a fine. It is not enough to talk about the factors that helps maintain professional practise in computing today without mentioning the negative effects of computers on children. Computers within the reach of children should be

The Break with Rome Essay Example for Free

The Break with Rome Essay Although it is fair to say that a number of important factors ultimately resulted in Henrys desire for a Break with Rome, it is clear that Henrys wish for a divorce from Catherine of Aragon to ensure a male heir was the key underlying motive throughout the saga. Henrys desire for power and financial gain are still both extremely important aspects of the debate, but it is certainly arguable that these are secondary ambitions which gained prominence as the events unfolded. For many years it had been clear that Henry strongly desired a male heir to the throne. It was also becoming clear that Catherine of Aragon was growing too old to bear him a child that he craved, and Henry saw this as a sign from God that his marriage to Catherine was unholy, with this point being reinforced by Catherines miscarriages. It appeared that a divorce was therefore the only solution, and for this reason it can be observed as the guiding factor in the Break with Rome. Catherine was obviously unhappy with this, and so to ensure that she would not be able to appeal to the Pope over any events that were to follow, Henry had the Act in Restraint of Appeals passed in 1533. This provided the pathway in 1534 for the Act of Supremacy. This enabled the King to alter doctrine, which he would be able to use to legalise the annulment of his marriage to Catherine. It was also extremely important in that [it] ensured opposition could be dealt with as the act required every subject to take the oath of Supremacy. The passing of the Act of Succession only several months showed how desperate Henry was to obtain his male heir. Henry was aware of the difficulties that Matilda, the only previous queen of England, had suffered, and so this act declared Mary illegitimate. Time was certainly of the essence here, as it was also important to Henry that his son be 16 at the time coming to power to ensure that he was not usurped in the same way that other boy kings had. Finally, the Treason Act also of 1534 also amplifies the idea that Henry was desperate that any son he had would be seen as legitimate and face few problems when he came to power. The actions taken between 1532 and 1534 would suggest that Henry was becoming desperate to ensure the divorce and obtain a son, and so provides strong evidence to suggest that these were his real motives behind the Break with Rome. Historians also argue that Henrys desire for financial gain was also an important factor which led to his desire to obtain the Break with Rome. Firstly, the Act in Restraint of Annates, which had initially began as a threat in 1532, was put into place in 1534. The initial aim was to persuade the Pope into granting the divorce. However, by 1534 it was clear that this was not going to happen and so Henry was implementing policies to ensure a Break with Rome. Ultimately, this means that by the time it was passed, the Act was no longer a way of threatening the Pope into granting a divorce. Instead, it was Henry simply take control of the Popes income and so it is therefore reasonable to suggest that by 1534, financial motives for a split had crept into Henrys thinking. This was again shown in 1534 by the Act for First Fruits and Tenths. This provides a further example of money that was formerly sent to the Pope becoming an additional income for Henry. It is certainly arguable that by this stage Henry was well aware of the potential financial benefits that the break could have, and so this may well have fuelled the rapid changes that occurred between 1532 and 1534. A final aspect of the divorce which is suggested by historians is Henrys hunger for power, and this becomes apparent when observing some of the Acts put into place. The Act for Submission of the Clergy in 1534 (created in 1532) can be seen as the first step in Henry trying to take control of a very important aspect of everyones lives, the Church. The Act of Supremacy reinforces the idea that Henry strongly desired power within the Church, and it begins to become apparent that along with the increasing financial importance that the break would have, power was also becoming an extremely important aspect. Such legislation as the Act of Supremacy and Treason Act provided Henry with security in his new positions, and with this evidence taken into account that it is certainly arguable that some of the other factors were simply covering for Henrys greed for power. It is worth considering that ideas of financial and power motives are not mutually exclusive. After initially just wanting the divorce and an heir, it may well have been the case that this lead to Henry obtaining more power which he was able to use his advantage for financial benefit. It is however also argued that Henrys initial intention was never to gain extra power, yet this still links in with the idea that Henrys lust for power evolved as events unfolded. Consequently, if the Pope had granted the annulment in the first place, Henrys desire for a male heir could have been rectified and the desires for power and money would never have been allowed to evolve. On balance, it has become clear that the way in which the events unfolded affected why Henry was so keen for the Break with Rome. Initially at least, there is strong evidence to suggest that Henrys only real motive was to obtain the divorce and produce a male heir. However, as the years rolled by it is suggested that the reasons behind the events developed. The concentration of legislation passing between 1532 and 1534 suggest both that Henry was becoming more desperate and also that a lust for power and money were now providing the fuel behind the events that both introduced and secured the Break with Rome. Therefore to conclude, although it is certainly possible that Henrys strong initial desire was for a divorce and to obtain a male heir, but once he realised the possibilities that lay before him in gaining power within the Church and increasing his income drastically to enable his exuberant lifestyle these motives expanded and diversified.

Norse Mythology :: essays research papers fc

The book entitled "Norse Mythology" by Karl Mortensen, is the book I chose to read for my first book report for this semester. The book was translated from the Danish by A. Clinton Crowell. Karl Mortensen was a doctor of philosophy whom attended the University of Copenhagen. The first part of the book is the general introduction. Here, you find the author's meaning of "Norse mythology" and where he got his information. He says, By "Norse mythology" we mean the information we have concerning the religious conceptions and usages of our heathen forefathers, their faith and manner of worshipping the gods, and also their legends and songs about the gods and heroes. The importation of Christianity drove out the old heathen faith, but remnants or memories of it long endured in the superstitious ideas of the common people, and can even be traced in our own day. In the general introduction, the author tells us why we teach Norse mythology. He tells us that for us, Norse mythology has in any case the advantage of being the religion of our own forefathers, and through it we learn to know that religion. This is necessary if we wish to understand the history and poetry of our antiquity and to comprehend what good characteristics and what faults Christianity encountered when it was proclaimed in the North. Finally, it is necessary to know the most important points of the heathen faith of our fathers in order to appreciate and enjoy many of the words of our best poets. "Norse Mythology" is comprised of four main sections. The first section contains the creation myth, which is extremely confusing because it talks about brother's aunt's cousin's children from second marriages and what importance they were in those golden times. It's quite hard to understand, and I had to read it over twice to make sure I understood. The second part of the first section discusses the creation of the gods and the stories of their lives. And the last part is entitled Ragnorak, which stands for the enemies of the gods. All of this was quite interesting to read. The second section of the book talks about common popular belief. It says that our forefathers, like other heathen people, found one of the plainest proofs of the soul's independence of the body and its ability to take a hand in the affairs of living men in the nightmare and dream, as they lacked all other means of explaining those things. They therefore took it for granted that they were spirits, usually in the form of animals or men.

Manage Own Performance in Business Environment Essay

1.1Outline ‘guidelines, procedures and codes of practice relevant to personal work. There are procedures that need to be followed relating to various aspects of the job including correct procedures to greet visitors, answer the telephone, dealing with incoming and outgoing mail, taking minutes for team meetings as well as other procedures. 1.2Explain the purpose of planning work and being accountable to others for own work The purpose of planning before attempting any work is to create a realistic time frame in which you wish to complete the work to a good/high standard and if you’re an employee, the employer has a right to check if work is up to standard 1.3Explain the purpose and benefits of agreeing realistic targets for work The purpose for agreeing realistic targets for work is to keep everyone on task and focused on accomplishing a target that is obtainable, not out of reach. This way, everyone can work towards effectively reaching targets efficiently instead of struggling to achieve the impossible. The benefits include fast and reliable compliance and completion of tasks at hand 1.4Explain how to agree realistic targets When speaking to a senior employee you will gain respect by being straight about how much you can do. If you set too easy a target for yourself you won’t be pushed to improve yourself and it will be clear to your senior employee or your employer. If you make it impossible to reach they will be unimpressed by your inability to work out how long you need and missing the deadline 1.5Describe ways of planning work to meet agreed deadlines First you need to prioritize your work. That is, place the most important job at the top; the least, at the bottom. When judging priorities, you need to do several things: firstly you need to determine what is required in the given task. This is the number of jobs that need to be done. Second you need to figure out what is required. If you’re doing something that’s not necessary, eliminate it. If you’re doing something that’s necessary but is not required of you personally, you need to delegate it. And lastly if someone can do a certain job better than anyone else, delegate the job to that person . 1.6Explain the purpose of keeping other people informed about progress The reason why you keep colleagues up to date with progression is so that they know what targets to achieve and whether or not they can meet the deadline on time also it helps to outline and set objectives. If you’re behind on a piece of work it is also helpful for colleagues to know progression so they could pick up the slack 1.7Explain the purpose and benefits of letting other people know when work plans need to be changed It respects people’s time and allows people to be prepared for work, mentally and physically. It is respectful of the other person’s time to give them a good idea of what and how you want them to do the task and when they need to start. If these plans change, respect demands that you inform others involved of the changes to these plans 1.8Describe types of problems that may occur during work There are many different types and severities of problems that you come across in your working life for example bullying, disgruntled workers and harassment are some of the major examples. But problems such as the printer running out of toner, work not saving properly and power cuts are less severe but can also cause workplace stress. 1.9Describe ways of seeking assistance with getting help to resolve problems Any technical fault that involves your computer you should report this to your computer technician if your company has one. Government and large companies mainly have a team of technicians to help different problems out. However if the problem is more severe i.e. harassment, then you should report to your superiors and tackle the problem professionally. 1.10Explain the purpose and benefits of recognising and learning from mistakes The main purpose of recognising mistakes is to learn from them and to try and prevent them from happening again therefore the next time a situation arises you will have the knowledge of the previous times to prevent you making the incorrect decision and therefore being successful. The benefits of learning from mistakes are obviously you don’t make the same mistake time and time again and as a result of this you will be more successful at what you do. 2.1 Explain the purpose and benefits of agreeing and setting high standards for own work The purpose of agreeing and setting high standards for work assures that each person tries their hardest and always reaches for new heights. By setting a high bar there is no room for excuses and the atmosphere in the workplace becomes excellent behavior and work gets completed with ease. Everyone benefits from setting high expectations for themselves. Everything can be done better, faster, and more efficiently. 2.2 Describe ways of setting high standards for work You can set yourself high standards of work by putting 100% effort into every task you take on. By putting through high standards of work every time, you and the others around you will continuously demand and expect high standards from you all the time. Also if you always try and find ways of how you can improve your work then you automatically raise the bar for yourself. 2.3 Explain the purpose and benefits of taking of taking on new challenges if they arise. The purpose of taking on new challenges w they arise is vital to success. By not challenging yourself, the same pattern of mediocrity or  self defeating attitude persists. You cannot grow without moving onto bigger, better, and more challenging tasks. The benefits therefore are then self growth opportunities and a gaining of new skills and confidence. Also in the workplace it is especially important to take on new challenges as it shows to your employer that you are capable and willing to new things. 2.4 Explain the purpose and benefits of adapting to change The purpose of adapting to change technically is so you don’t get left behind and this is same in business, if you fail to adapt to any sort of change then you won’t be successful completing the task when the time comes. The main benefit of adapting to change

American Red Cross: Decision For New Building

The American Red Cross is one of the very busy organizations operating both inside the country as well as in international locations. But this does not impede the movement of the internal operation of the organization that ensures that the American Red Cross is always accessible and amenable to new developments that can help it perform better as an international aid and assistance organization. One of the recent internal decisions that the organization made was the transferring of some of its sections to another location from its former business address.The transfer will have South Central Division changing its office address, as well as key laboratory facilities and divisions of the American Red Cross including the National Testing Lab or the NTL as well as the Missouri-Illinois Blood Services Region. The previous office address of the three offices is found in 4050 Lindell Boulevard in St. Louis (American Red Cross Blood, 2008). Once the building is completed, they will transfer to a new office found in Southern Illinois University Edwardsville (SIUE) campus.The start of the timeline of this project can be attributed to the time when a study conducted six years before the official announcement of the transfer was made, yielding results that include the identification of the need for important facelift in the buildings that houses important sections of the organization, including the blood manufacturing and blood processing section. The next important point in the timeline of this project came two years ago, marking the selection of the current location after a painstaking process of narrowing down prospective location candidates that will house the new building (American Red Cross, 2008).This decision no doubt has financial implications, including the identification of important and key costs that will surface before the project reaches completion. The two relevant costs for this particular decision of the American Red Cross to transfer to another establishme nt will include the cost of the construction of the building and the cost of the new technology that the American Red Cross will bring inside the building since the creation of the building is also a move to have the organization catch up with the available latest technology for its laboratories.While the American Red Cross has not yet identified the official cost of the project, the public may have an idea already if they will base it from the previous American Red Cross projects that involve the erecting of new buildings or the purchasing of existing establishment for the organization. In 1917, the group started shopping for its first national headquarters office, and the money that was used to pay for it came from the government and from private individuals and institutions.The result was a building budgeted at $854,897. 01. A memorial building for the organization followed in 1930, the cost of which pegged at $780,000. There is also the Fiftieth Anniversary Office Building which officially opened its doors on July 7, 1932 after the building project was completed to the tune of $850,000, again shouldered by the government and private groups.Considering the changes in the value of the US dollar and the current costs of building construction and the amenities of the said building, it is easy to say that the new building will amount to not less than 5 million US dollars at the very least (RedCross. org, 2008). There are also some non-relevant costs in this decision, two of which includes the costs of the operation of the American Red Cross for its outreach programs inside the country and for its international operation, and the costs of the education campaign that the American Red Cross is undertaking all year long.The costs of these two particular aspect of the American Red Cross operation is non-relevant to the recently-made decision because this aspect of the operation of the organization is in no way connected to the move of the American Red Cross, since t he move will only involve part of the organization’s laboratory work, including the installation of the equipment necessary for blood testing as well as blood manufacturing.All in all, the probable result(s) of this move will include the improvement of the operation of the group, as well as the shouldering of financial costs of the building if it is burdened to pay such amount in the long term. There are implications rising from this result(s), and it would include operation and financial implications made about by this development. References: American Red Cross (2008). Retrieved May 12, 2008, from http://www. redcross. org/ American Red Cross Blood (2008).American Red Cross Blood Services Relocation Announcement. Retrieved May 12, 2008, from http://americanredcrossblood. org/News/NewsReleases/NewsReleaseViewer/tabid/97/ArticleID/120/CBModuleId/428/Default. aspx Handal, Kathleen A. (1992). The American Red Cross First Aid and Safety Handbook. American Red Cross. Boston: Litt le Brown. Red Cross. org (2008). Red Cross Square: Headquarters of the American Red Cross. Retrieved May12, 2008, from http://www. redcross. org/museum/history/square. asp