Sports - 17369 Words

Instructor’s Manual Exercises in Sportscasting Linda K. Fuller, PhD Published by  © 2008 by Routledge, Taylor Francis Group. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilm, and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Routledge, Taylor Francis Group, 270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016. IM-1826 CONTENTS Introduction Chapter 1. Introduction to Sports, Sportscasters, and Sportscasting Chapter 2. The Historical Development of Sports and Sportscasting Chapter 3. The Economics of Sports,†¦show more content†¦As in anything else, the more you are willing to try these various activities, the more it will help you in the long run. This is, after all, only your beginning. After the exercises is a separate section focusing on the way this course has been taught in the past. It includes the following: 1. Syllabus 2. Critical Dates 3. Student profile 4. A suggested invitation for a sportscaster speaker Designed for teachers, this section is suggestive only, and is open to input—as is, in fact, this whole project. Your responses are encouraged, and I wish you well in your analysis of and/or career in sportscasting. Chapter 1 Introduction to Sports, Sportscasters, and Sportscasting Exercise 1.1: Your Definition/Description of Sportscasting We all have our own experiences with the subject of sportscasting. Tell about yours, including your interest in the topic. At some point, give your own definition and/or description of sportscasting. In addition, what has been your personal experience with sportscasting and sportscasters? Have you met any sportscasters personally? Who are your favorites? Who are your least favorite(s)? Think about why, and share your thoughts. Exercise 1.2: Globalization of Sports (book review) From the bibliography that follows, choose a book and critique it, including the following information: 1. The book: Full name of the title, author(s) name, when and where published and by whom,Show MoreRelatedSports : Sports And Sports2137 Words   |  9 PagesEthics in Sports Sports in the twentieth first century has become an essential component of education. Recreational athletic activities have a great role in perfecting human spirit. Through the healthy competition sports influence the cultivation of will, perseverance, responsibility, ability to eliminate the inconvenience and many more. Moreover sport is a great tool which gathers people together towards the common objective, regardless of their nationality, race, religion or beliefs – both on theRead MoreSports And Its Impact On Sports Essay962 Words   |  4 Pagesother International sport competitions has catalyzed the sports scientists to take interest in exploring all the aspects and possibilities that can contribute to enhance sports performance to an greater heights. In sports primary motive is to win the game by following set of rules. By playing within these rules one s character is developed. What matters in the sports is how the player handles victory and how to handle the disappo intments that comes with the defeat. Although sports is not an art orRead MoreSports : Sports And Sports1092 Words   |  5 PagesSports fans have different reasons on why they have a passion for sports. Several fans can remember memorable events in sports history that touched their lives. Fans will laugh and cry when they watch the HBO Documentary â€Å"Sport in America† because they will hear incredible stories that will make them think about why they love sports. Sports Illustrated, Endgame entertainment, and HBO asked Americans why different games and memorable moments in sports touched their lives. Thousands of fans respondedRead MoreSports : Sports And Sporting Activities1568 Words   |  7 Pagesemphasis placed on sports and sporting activities. Every public school, middle and up, offers some sporting program, and most private schools do as well. The real issue at question is whether sports are affecting the education of students and young adults, who may have carried their sporting career into college. In general, people of all ages spend a lot of time both in person and on TV watching sports, not to mention those who are actively participating in the sporting event. With sports taking up mostRead MoreSports And Sports For Constructive Alternatives1011 Words   |  5 PagesThis March, the Center for Constructive Alternatives series dealt with the topic of Sport and Character. In today’s age, sport and sporting events have becom e pinnacles of American entertainment, money, and paparazzi. One is inundated with constant updates regarding football scores, feuds between athletes, and controversy over refereeing. With sport being such a focus in media and society, it often seems that sport and character are incompatible. Too often one sees an athlete get caught using illegalRead MoreSports Management : Sport Management816 Words   |  4 Pages Sport management Did you know that there is more to sports teams than just scoring goals, touchdowns and runs? Sport management is a field concerning the business and education part of sports and recreation. It includes the front office system in professional sports, college sports, and recreation. Some examples of sport managers are: recreational sport managers, sport marketing, event management, facility management, sport economics, sport finance and sport information. Sport management canRead MoreThe Impact Of Sports On Sports Industry950 Words   |  4 Pagesdefinition of sport industry; the sports industry is a market wherein the products manufactured and offered to its customers are sport, recreation and fitness related and may be activities, amenities or people. Sports we support, follow and play today are part of our day-to-day lives and we forget that over 250 years ago the sports established today did not yet exist and the few that did would be unappealing and unrecognisable to the sports fans of today. Looking back to the history of sports we see aRead MoreSports Media Changing the Sports Industry 648 Words   |  3 Pagesmoments, the impact ESPN has made on sports, sports media and the sports industry as a whole can’t be overlooked. On September 7th 1979 ESPN launched their flagship show, SportsCenter. This moment in sports media history was a game changer for the way fans consume sports. It is amazing that back in 1979, the concept of watching highlights and footage of games when they were happening or just completed was unfathomable for most people. The moment SportsCenter aired, sports marketing and media was alteredRead MoreHbo : Sports And Sports1118 Words   |  5 PagesDocumentary â€Å"Sport in America†. Sports fans have different reasons on why they have a passion for sports. Several fans can remember memorable events in sports history that touched their lives. Fans will laugh and cry when they watch the HBO Documentary â€Å"Sport in America† because they will hear incredible stories that will make them think about why they love sports. Sports Illustrated, Endgame entertainment, and HBO asked Americans why different games and memorable moments in sports touched theirRead MoreSports : The Negative Side Of Youth Sports903 Words   |  4 PagesMany people think that sports help children develop teamwork, self-confidence, moral character, and other personal strength but others see the negative side of youth sports, believing young athletes develop aggressive traits such as bullying and the need to dominate their opponents not just on but off the field as well. Youth sports have become far too intense, especially in contact sports. It is true that participation in youth athletics has a number of benefits such as the building self-confidence

A Study On Design A Solar Farm - 1325 Words

1. Design a Solar Farm 1-1. Selection of Geographic Location According to National Climatic Data Center, the sunniest state is Arizona in United Sates, which is 193 clear days pre year.(1) Yuma City where in Arizona State has 313 days of sunshine. This climatic condition is good for solar power generation. In order to reduce the environment impact, a desert region is a proper choice. There are two more benefits. The cost of land is much cheaper then urban area. In addition, there is no any shelter nearby. Nevertheless, solar farms have to be maintained regularly. If install a solar farm at an isolated location, it will be hard to maintenance. A location of photovoltaic farm has been chosen as Figure 2. It is situated in a desert region for decreasing the environment impact and next to a road for maintenance easily. Figure 1. Map of United States(2) Figure 2. Location of photovoltaic farm(2) 1-2. Selection of Photovoltaic Module In this assignment, the solar cell module that made by Neo Solar Power (NSP) will be chosen. NSP is one of the biggest solar cell manufacturers in the world. It produces high-quality and high-efficiency solar cell modules. The key specifications(3) of D6M_B3A 255W photovoltaic module are: - Maximum power voltage: 30.09V - Maximum power current: 8.48A - Module efficiency: 15.7% - Maximum power output: 255W - Temperature coefficient of Pmax: -0.427%/ °C (From 20 °C) Figure 3. Dimensions of D6M_B3A 255W Photovoltaic Module 1-3. A unit ofShow MoreRelatedThe Solar Of Solar Power Essay1290 Words   |  6 PagesSolar Power Innovations Solar Power has been observed as early as the year of 1839 by a French physicist named Alexandre-Edmond Becquerel. He invented the first photovoltaic cell. Since then his studies and works have been perfected on and continue to change the world in which we live for the better. Photovoltaic cells have constantly been evolving ever since. In 1883, Charles Fritts built the first solid state photovoltaic cell using materials such as gold and selenium. With further advances toRead MoreThe Physics Of Solar Energy998 Words   |  4 PagesSolar energy dates back to 1839 with a French physicist by the name of Alexandre-Edmond Becquerel. His experiment of ‘illuminating two electrodes with different types of light† marked the birth of solar energy. Years later, William Grylls Adams, along with student assistant Richard Evans Day, discovered that converting solar energy into electrical energy is possible without the need of heat nor moving parts. Unfortunately, their panel couldnâ €™t create enough power to run any electrical equipment.Read MoreSt Clement s Retreat And Conference Centre1615 Words   |  7 Pagesclose to train routes. It covers an area of 800 acres in a peaceful place where also has picturesque scenery [1]. This retreat and conference centre can offer air conditioned accommodation with modern facilities. It is an ideal center for prayer, study and reflection. Figure 1 shows the map of St Clement’s Retreat and Conference center. This retreat and conference center includes accommodation, prayer rooms, dining rooms, chapels, pool, library and other living facilities. St Clement’s history canRead MoreThe Scholarly Format Appropriate For The Field1322 Words   |  6 Pagesprinciples of Sustainability: â€Å"[†¦] intergenerational equity, quality of life, social cohesion and international responsibility† (German Federal Government). I will narrow my focus to compare policies and attitudes regarding the interplay betwe en building design and energy consumption. Builders in the United States have access to the same advanced technologies that those in Germany have. However, when compared to the programs in Germany, there is little incentive in the U.S. to use employ these technologiesRead MoreClimate Change Has Been Recently A Hot Debate Among Politicians, Industry Experts And Scientists1362 Words   |  6 PagesTherefore, to reduce fossil fuel consumption, it is necessary to find out potential alternatives. There are some realistic options compatible with Australian climate and resources. First attractive option is renewable energies, most importantly wind farms and solar thermal. Second serious option is nuclear energy. Finally the other practical alternative is a combination of renewable energies with less pollutant fossil fuels such as natural gas. All mentioned options will be discussed in terms of technicalRead MoreThe World After Running Out Of Fossil Fuels Would Be A1602 Words   |  7 Pagesthe search for new energy resources is r easonable and it should be taken seriously. In recent years, renewable energy resources have proven as an interesting alternative to conventional energy resources. Renewable energy resources like wind energy, solar energy, and hydropower result from the natural process and they won’t run out. Wind energy as one of the renewable energy has a big potential to provide us our needed energy in coming years. Using every resource for producing energy has its own upsideRead MoreIs Offshore Wind Power : Alternative Or Harmful Fossil Fuels? Essay1608 Words   |  7 PagesFossil Fuels We have the ability to reduce our dependency on burning fossil fuels that damage the environment and the solution is Offshore Wind Power. The difference in solar heating between the earth s equator and the poles, together with the earth s rotation, creates flows of air called wind. We can capture this form of solar energy with wind turbines that convert it into electrical energy. Creating this type of energy has little harmful impact to our environment, unlike other energy being createdRead MoreEolic Energy in Australia869 Words   |  4 Pagesworldwide and its utilization in Australia is undoubtedly an advantageous prospect. Initially, the generation of wind energy is produced through the motion of air from high pressure to low pressure, as this progression is a direct consequence of the solar heating of various parts of the Earths atmosphere and its planetary motion, thus resulting in the air being deflected to the right in the northern hemisphere and in the opposite direction in the southern hemisphere (Duffie and William, 2013). It isRead MorePerceptions Of Solar Energy6946 Words   |  28 PagesIn late 2015, a research study was conducted to gain a better understanding of the overall opinions and perceptions of rural South Carolinians regarding solar energy. Survey respondents were drawn from a database of the twenty rural electric cooperatives that operate throughout the state and in each of the state’s 46 counties. Of specific interest was the preference for solar power installations on the property of the member-consumer versus interest in a community solar program that would be locatedRead MoreExploring Various Best Practices That Can Alleviate Existing Waste Within The Airport Infrastructure Environment Essay1879 Words   |  8 Pagesimplement such solutions. It will also formulate arguments for and against the implementation of greener initiatives from various industry stakeholders. The scope of this research primarily focuses on renew able power generation, innovative terminal design, and passenger incentives to make greener choices while traveling. These three components correspond to the critical components that make up the airport system: the source, the experience, and the passenger respectively. The current environmental

Human Isolation free essay sample

Toni Morrison and bell hooks Represent Blacks in American Literature Two widely known and influential authors, bell hooks and Toni Morrison, share similar beliefs and themes with regards to the black community. One theme in particular that the two writers emphasize is the representation of blacks in American literature today. hooks feels that African Americans are misrepresented, where Morrison believes that blacks are not represented at all. ooks evidence of this theme is portrayed primarily in the sexist and racist representations the characters exhibit. Overall, both authors feel that the negative portrayal of the black community needs to stop in order for a better understanding of our national literature. Toni Morrison believes that the literature in America has taken as its concern the white man as its character base. Morrison states, American literature is free of, uniformed by, and unshaped by the four-hundred-year-old presence of the first Africans (205).She believes the entire history of the African culture has had no important place in the present state of our cultures literature. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Isolation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The American literature evident today tends to depict the white males views, genius, and power leaving out all concerns for the black race. Morrison is convinced that, the contemplation of the black presence is central to any understanding of our national literature and should not be relegated to the margins of the literary imagination (205-06). Morrisons quote stresses the importance of the representation of black presence in todays literature for a better national comprehension of this writing.Two primary reasons Morrison believes that blacks are left out are the writers themselves, and the silence that has historically ruled literature. She believes, National literatures, like writers, get along as best they can and with what they can. Yet they do seem to end up describing and inscribing what is really on the national mind (208). This is the interest in the white man. Writers produce, and companies publish what the public wants to read about. According to Morrison, this is not the black presence, rather views and interests in the white man.The other reason she believes blacks are left out are, that in matters of race, silence and evasion have historically ruled literary discourse (207). It does not stop here. It is further complicated by the fact that ignoring race is understood to be a graceful, liberal, and even a generous habit. Through this silence, blacks are regarded as shadowless in society. Although Morrisons main stance is that blacks are completely missed in American literature, she does feel that the few times this presence is represented, it is extremely negative.Regarding literature she says, I have begun to wonder whether the major, much celebrated themes are not in fact responses to a dark, abiding, signing Africanistic presence (206). Such themes that she mentions include, individualism, masculinity, and the conflict between social engagement and historical isolation. What became transparent to her were the self-evident ways Americans chose to talk about themselves through and within a sometimes allegorical, but always misrepresentation of an Africanistic presence. hooks, unlike Toni Morrison believes blacks are often represented in American literature, however negatively.Her primary evidence is found in Hollywood movies, and more specifically Spike Lees film Crooklyn. hooks states, The racial politics of Hollywood is such that there can be no serious representations of death and dying when the characters are African-Americans (99). hooks main concern is not the violence and death in movies involving blacks, but the fact that there is no grief or concern when it does happen. In the film Crooklyn, it begins leaving the viewer to believe that the black survival does matter; however in the end the usual Hollywood message of black worthlessness is reaffirmed. ooks gives an example from the film Paris Trout to reemphasize her message. The brutal killing of a young black girl by a powerful white man happens at no concern of her family. The black males who are her relatives, are depicted as utterly indifferent. Too cowardly to save or avenge her life (100). In conclusion of the film, the final message is made very clear to viewers; the young girls life was utterly unimportant and worth nothing. hooks article focuses mainly on the film Crooklyn and how its misrepresentation of the black presence is evident.

The injustice of Frankensteins actions Essay Example

The injustice of Frankensteins actions Paper Contained in the novel, Frankenstein, by Mary Shelly, is the twisted substance of greed, the character Victor Frankenstein portrays the element of control. Felling the need for this he builds an entirely new breed of creature, without thinking much for the consequences. During the time in which this novel was written, there was a great surge in the realms of science. Many new discoveries were made and scientists were taking more and more dangerous risks in the hope of opening the door on the unknown. In my view, Shelly had written this novel as more of a warning than a story. I believe that she was trying to impose responsibility upon the scientists for what it was they were meddling with and also to try and persuade them to think before they act. Shelly demonstrates these emotions through two characters, Frankenstein and the creation. Each character gets the opportunity to express their feelings and tell their stories in the novel. The first character that has the opportunity to tell their story is Frankenstein, in chapter 5. Shelly sets the scene with close attention to the weather, It was on a dreary night of November here Shelly is using pathetic fallacy to reflect the mood. The same is evident in chapter 11, when the creature is telling his story, It was dark when I awoke; I felt cold also These descriptions of the weather and the environment around them reflect their moods. Frankenstein feels worn down and tired as is reflected by Shellys use of the word dreary. The creature on the other hand feels cold and alone as reflected by dark and cold. We will write a custom essay sample on The injustice of Frankensteins actions specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The injustice of Frankensteins actions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The injustice of Frankensteins actions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This contrast shows us a big difference in their relationship. Frankenstein remembers the night as being tiring and an effort, the creature however feels a child-like sense of isolation, as if he was without love or companion, this is adverse to practical thought, one would normally perceive that Frankenstein would adore and love his creation after all the effort and hard work he had gone through to create him. Frankenstein spends much of chapter 5 talking about himself and only himself, I rushed out of the room, I had desired it, I had finished and I had created. The vast majority of his story begins each sentence with the personal pronoun, I. This gives us the impression that he is very self obsessed and does not give much thought to other events happening around him, in particular the creature. He describes the creature, How can I describe my emotions at this catastrophe but he never gives any thought to mortality or the aesthetics of the creature or the responsibility it will impose upon him. It is as if he feels the creature will owe him a life time of gratitude and service and that the creature will be his possession to command, this relates back to Frankensteins craving for power. This is much the contrary to the creatures account; he spends the bulk of chapter 11 describing his surroundings and what is going on around him. I gazed with a kind of wonder despite he still uses the pronoun, I in this quotation, he is describing the world around him and is not describing himself. It is also filling the creature with joy, much unlike the when Frankenstein describes the creature, His yellow skin scarcely covered the work of muscles and arteries beneath. One obvious similarity between the two chapters is that both characters are aiming to persuade and both use persuasive language as much as possible. Frankenstein uses it to justify his actions, Oh! No mortal could support the horror of that countenance whereas the creature uses it to provoke sympathy, poor, helpless, miserable wretch and I sat down and wept.

The Grand Canyon free essay sample

The Grand Canyon National Park contains one of the most well known natural wonders of our country: The Grand Canyon. It is located in Arizona. Over the years, the Grand Canyon has attracted many visitors, and today the park sees nearly five million visitors yearly (NPS, History Culture). It has always been a target for human interest, going back to the days where Native Americans ruled the land and continuing through present times. However, like the rest of our natural world, the Grand Canyon faces many threats, mainly due to humans. What are these things that threaten the Grand Canyon, what is being done to combat them, and what else can be done to protect the Grand Canyon National Park? Within the Grand Canyon lays the Colorado River, which scientists believe carved it out 17 million years ago, much earlier than the previous estimate of 6 million years (Wilford). The river consumes the area over time, eventually forming the magnificent canyon that we see today. We will write a custom essay sample on The Grand Canyon or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The canyon runs east-west so it has a North Rim and a South Rim. The Grand Canyon is 277 miles long, 18 miles wide and 5,000 feet deep (Grand Canyon Facts). It contains several ecosystems and hundreds of unique species of animals and over a thousand species of plants (Grand Canyon Facts). The Grand Canyon contains very old objects that date from up to 12,000 years ago (NPS, History Culture), back to early Native American culture. Therefore, it has been known to, used by, and been occupied by humans for a very long time. According to the U. S. National Park Service, â€Å"the park has recorded over 4,800 archeological resources with an intensive survey of nearly Le 2 3% of the park area† (NPS, History Culture). The Grand Canyon was first given federal protection in 1893, but it wasn’t for nearly another 30 years that it would become a National Park. This happened in 1913, three years after the National Park Service was created (NPS, History Culture). The Grand Canyon is thus one of the oldest national parks in the country. Before it became a national park and a magnet for tourism, the Grand Canyon attracted explorers, pioneers, and corporations looking to harness resources from it. Being a national, the Grand Canyon has always been a target of conservation. The first such effort was started by Franklin D. Roosevelt, who in 1933 put people to work who were jobless due to the Great Depression (NPS, CCC). He created the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) and filled it using poor and unemployed men. It lasted for nine years, and during its time they traveled around the country completing conservation projects at national parks and other sites. They engaged in projects such as â€Å"tree planting, trail construction, erosion control, forest fire fighting, state park development, and fire road construction† (NPS, CCC). According to the National Park Service, four federal agencies were used to make sure that the CCC was successful. The Department of Labor selected the workers, The Department of War transported, supervised, and managed their care, and the Departments of Agriculture and Interior designed the projects and supervised the Corps. What types of threats does the Grand Canyon face today? Well, there are many in fact. Due to pollution, building, and other human activities, nature is Le 3 often thrown out of balance, and without further human intervention to reverse these problems, natural habitats are threatened. According to a report by the National Parks Conservation Association, one challenge is â€Å"Colorado River management actions that do not incorporate adaptive strategies for protecting and restoring fish, river flows, riverine habitats, cultural sites, and archaeological resources along the river corridor† NPCA, 3). Other problems include sounds cape management, such as over flights that can disturb visitors, wildlife, and the 11 Native American tribes which live in the park (NPCA, 3). Greater and better relationships with these tribes are also wanted. Mining activities from the past and present, along with air pollution from nearby areas also pose threats to the health of the park. Due to environmental change, the canyon even faces threats from non-native animals intruding. According to Anne Minard of the High Country News, drought has recently brought bison into the park. They were originally taken into Arizona for an experiment to breed them with cattle, although that failed (Minard). â€Å"Biologists with the National Park Service say the huge animals (males can weigh up to 2,500 pounds) are wallowing in riparian areas and damaging cultural sites. They considered building a fence, but that would affect other wildlife, such as mule deer† (Minard). The NPCA also states that there are â€Å"front country and backcountry management and protection needs, particularly in regard to the challenges of park size, visitation patterns, and shortfalls in funding, which compromise efforts to preserve and protect the park’s resources. † Finally, the Grand Canyon faces the threat of climate change, like much of the Le 4 rest of the world. The Grand Canyon faces threats to its land, water, resources, wildlife, and even people. What are some things being done to address these problems and what more can be done to do so? The NPCA addresses each problem and makes recommendations. The river must go back to a more natural state, with a reduction in rafting and non-native oceangoing animals. The NPCA also recommends restorative flows to the river. For noise pollution, the park should prohibit flights and certain areas and put a cap on air tours. Mining is one thing that is already been addressed. The report states that â€Å"The Secretary of the Interior has temporarily barred the filing of new mining claims — including those for uranium — on the nearly one million acres of public land surrounding the Grand Canyon. † The NPCA recommends that Congress pass an act to permanently ban mining on these public lands. Since the park has no authority over air pollution from other areas, it must rely on government regulation to cut down on pollution. The park should press the government to continue regulating pollution. In 1991, environmental groups and a nearby Navajo electrical plant agreed to â€Å"drastically cut sulfur-dioxide emissions,† (Air Pollution) but there is still more to be done. As for non-native animals, greater effort must be undertaken to make sure that they are removed and that more are not brought in. When it comes to park management, the park needs more resources and funding to ensure that visitors have a great and safe experience and that all buildings and structures in the park are in good Le 5 condition. For building ties with the Native American tribes, the park should make them more involved and known to visitors, through areas like history, art, and â€Å"cultural significance† (NPCA, 4). When it comes to climate change, this is another thing that is beyond the park’s control, as it is a global event. The whole world must take action against climate change in order for both the Grand Canyon National Park and the Earth itself to be protected. â€Å"Grand Canyon Park Supervisor Steve Martin said he generally agrees with the report’s findings† (O’Keefe). The Grand Canyon Chapter of the Sierra Club, an environmental organization, has been working with the park for years on protecting its environment. The chapter aims to fight against climate change and preserve wildlife. Some of their objectives include stopping mining in the park and the surrounding region, limit off-road vehicle activity in the area, convince Congress to pass the Grand Canyon Watersheds Protection Act, and â€Å"promote resilient habitats† (Sierra Club). In conclusion, there are many things that threaten this grand park, and there are many challenges ahead for preserving the Grand Canyon.

Yuan Dynasty Emperors List - Chinese Emperors

Yuan Dynasty Emperors List - Chinese Emperors The Yuan Dynasty in China was one of the five khanates of the Mongol Empire, founded by Genghis Khan. It ruled most of the modern day China from 1271 to 1368.  Genghis Khans grandson, Kublai Khan, was the founder and first emperor of the Yuan Dynasty. Each Yuan emperor also served as the Great Khan of the Mongols, meaning that the rulers of the Chagatai Khanate, the Golden Horde, and the Ilkhanate answered to him (at least in theory). Mandate of Heaven According to official Chinese histories, the Yuan Dynasty received the Mandate of Heaven even though it was not ethnically Han Chinese. This was true of several other major dynasties in Chinese history, including the Jin Dynasty (265 - 420 CE) and the Qing Dynasty (1644 - 1912). Although the Mongol rulers of China adopted some Chinese customs, such as the use of the Civil Service Exam system based on the writings of Confucius, the dynasty maintained its distinctly Mongol approach to life and lordship. Yuan emperors and empresses were famous for their love of hunting from horseback, and some of the early Yuan era Mongol lords evicted Chinese peasants from their farms and turned the land into horse pastures. The Yuan emperors, unlike other foreign rulers of China, married and took concubines only from within the Mongol aristocracy. Thus, to the end of the dynasty, the emperors were of pure Mongol heritage. Mongol Rule For almost a century, China flourished under Mongol rule. Trade along the Silk Road, which had been interrupted by warfare and banditry, grew strong once again under the Pax Mongolica. Foreign traders flowed into China, including a man from far-off Venice called Marco Polo, who spent more than two decades in Kublai Khans court. However, Kublai Khan over-extended his military power and the Chinese treasury with his military adventures overseas. Both of his invasions of Japan ended in disaster, and his attempted conquest of Java, now in Indonesia, was equally (although less dramatically) unsuccessful. The Red Turban Rebellion Kublais successors were able to rule in relative peace and prosperity until the end of the 1340s.  At that time, a series of droughts and floods produced famine in the Chinese countryside. People began to suspect that the Mongols had lost the Mandate of Heaven. The Red Turban Rebellion began in 1351, drawing its members from the hungry ranks of the peasantry, and would end up overthrowing the Yuan Dynasty in 1368. The emperors are listed here by their given names and khan names. Although Genghis Khan and several other relatives were posthumously named emperors of the Yuan Dynasty, this list begins with Kublai Khan, who actually defeated the Song Dynasty and established control over greater China. Borjigin Kublai, Kublai Khan, 1260-1294Borjigin Temur, Temur Oljeytu Khan, 1294-1307Borjigin Qayshan, Qayshan Guluk, 1308-1311Borjigin Ayurparibhadra, Ayurparibhadra, 1311-1320Borjigin Suddhipala, Suddhipala Gegeen, 1321-1323Borjigin Yesun-Temur, Yesun-Temur, 1323-1328Borjigin Arigaba, Arigaba, 1328Borjigin Toq-Temur, Jijaghatu Toq-Temur, 1328-1329 and 1329-1332Borjigin Qoshila, Qoshila Qutuqtu, 1329Borjigin Irinchibal, Irinchibal, 1332Borjigin Toghan-Temur, Toghan-Temur, 1333-1370

Two Psychometric Tests Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Two Psychometric Tests - Essay Example CPP, the institute from where the test can be officially obtained, claims that it administers over 2 million assessments annually, which is the largest number for any psychometric assessment. The entire framework of MBTI rests on four major dichotomies (Berens, 2001, pp. 85-86). Attitude, the first dichotomy, divides people into Extroverts (E) or Introverts (I). The former prefer more interaction, action and spending time with people, whereas, the latter feel more comfortable while spending time alone, believe in being thought oriented, little but substantial interaction and depth in their limited social interactions (Bayne, 1997, pp. 89-90). The function of â€Å"perceiving† is the second dichotomy that divides into Sensing (S) or Intuition (N). Sensing refers to the approach where people look for concrete evidence, facts and empirical evidence. They prefer data coming from, or verifiable through, the five senses and favour measureable information. On the other hand, intuitive people make more effort to look for hidden meanings, patterns and contexts in the data presented to them. They would show more flexibility and trust of abstract and theoretical concepts, insights, subconscious feelings and others (Myers and Myers, 1980, pp. 55-56). The â€Å"judging† function is the third dichotomy, where a person would be classified as a Thinker (T) or Feeler (F). The judging function is concerned with how an individual is making decisions. Thinkers are more likely to make rational, logical and calculated decisions. They avoid developing an attachment with the variables and entities in order to achieve objectivity and make no comprise on the rules and regulations. Feelers, on the other hand, have the tendency to understand the situation from the inside, evaluate other perspectives, create relationships with the variables and then make a decision in order to create a harmony and balance (John, et al., 2008, p. 160). Lastly, the dichotomy of â€Å"lifestyle† classifies people into having a preference for Judging (J) function for Perceiving (P) function. The former people are more likely to live an organised and settled life. On the other hand, perceivers prefer keeping their decisions and options open (Myers and M yers, 1980, pp. 55-56). Development and Design The father of analytical psychology, Carl Jung, deserves the bulk of the credit for the creation of MBTI. Many of the concepts put forward by MBTI were a part of the Jung’s book Psychological Types published in the year 1921. However, the arrangement and approach was a bit different because Jung believed that everyone is either a â€Å"perceiver† or a â€Å"judger†. The rest of the other dimensions would flow from this division (John, et al., 2008, p. 160). MBTI, in its original form, was developed by a team of Katherine Briggs and Isabel Briggs Myers, the mother daughter team, divides people into sixteen different personality types. According to MBTI, there are four dichotomies, each one having two extremes and any people could be at or near any extreme thus allowing sixteen different personality types, based on different combinations (Bayne, 2004, pp. 99-100). MBTI first appeared in the year 1942 and since then it has been revised several times with different authors and most of these revisions have played an important